Enzyme immobilisation in biocatalysis : Why, what and how
Roger A. Sheldon,Sander van Pelt +1 more
TLDR
An overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented and emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).Abstract:
In this tutorial review, an overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented. The importance of biocatalysis in the context of green and sustainable chemicals manufacture is discussed and the necessity for immobilisation of enzymes as a key enabling technology for practical and commercial viability is emphasised. The underlying reasons for immobilisation are the need to improve the stability and recyclability of the biocatalyst compared to the free enzyme. The lower risk of product contamination with enzyme residues and low or no allergenicity are further advantages of immobilised enzymes. Methods for immobilisation are divided into three categories: adsorption on a carrier (support), encapsulation in a carrier, and cross-linking (carrier-free). General considerations regarding immobilisation, regardless of the method used, are immobilisation yield, immobilisation efficiency, activity recovery, enzyme loading (wt% in the biocatalyst) and the physical properties, e.g. particle size and density, hydrophobicity and mechanical robustness of the immobilisate, i.e. the immobilised enzyme as a whole (enzyme + support). The choice of immobilisate is also strongly dependent on the reactor configuration used, e.g. stirred tank, fixed bed, fluidised bed, and the mode of downstream processing. Emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).read more
Citations
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Immobilization of Enzymes by Polymeric Materials
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed three primary immobilization methods: physical adsorption, covalent binding and entrapment, with their advantages and drawbacks, and included some polymer applications and their derivatives in the immobilization of enzymes.
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Biocatalytic micromixer coated with enzyme-MOF thin film for CO2 conversion to formic acid
Milton Chai,Sajad Razavi Bazaz,Rahman Daiyan,Amir Razmjou,Amir Razmjou,Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani,Rose Amal,Vicki Chen,Vicki Chen +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a 3D helical, threaded channel was fabricated via 3D printing, which can enhance the mass transfer of reactants and product in an enzymatic cascade reaction converting CO2 to formic acid.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enhanced Activity of Immobilized Horseradish Peroxidase by Carbon Nanospheres for Phenols Removal
Lu Yongming,Yang Qiaoyue,Liming Wang,Mingzhu Zhang,Wen-Qiang Guo,Zheng-Nan Cai,Dan-Dan Wang,Wei-Wei Yang,Chen Yan +8 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Non-covalent conjugation of cutinase from Fusarium sp. ICT SAC1 with pectin for enhanced stability: Process minutiae, kinetics, thermodynamics and structural study
TL;DR: Cutinase-pectin conjugate under optimized conditions showed enhanced thermal stability as evident from lower inactivation rate constant, higher half-life and D-value within the 40-55°C range, and positive values of entropy for both forms of cutinase suggested a rise in disordered conformation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The performance of microbial lipase immobilized onto polyolefin supports for hydrolysis of high oleate sunflower oil
TL;DR: In this paper, the application of immobilized microbial lipase for the catalytic hydrolysis of triglyceride esters is described, and the half-lives of the immobilized enzyme were observed to be up to sevenfold that of enzyme in free solutions.
References
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Engineering the third wave of biocatalysis
Uwe T. Bornscheuer,Gjalt W. Huisman,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Stefan Lutz,Jeffrey C. Moore,Karen Robins +6 more
TL;DR: Applications of protein-engineered biocatalysts ranging from commodity chemicals to advanced pharmaceutical intermediates that use enzyme catalysis as a key step are discussed.
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Enzyme immobilization: The quest for optimum performance
TL;DR: Different methods for the immobilization of enzymes are critically reviewed, with emphasis on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports, e.g., mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, novel entrapment methods and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemistry of Aerogels and Their Applications
Alain Pierre,Gerard Pajonk +1 more
TL;DR: Aerogels form a new class of solids showing sophisticated potentialities for a range of applications, and can develop very attractive physical and chemical properties not achievable by other means of low temperature soft chemical synthesis.
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Potential of Different Enzyme Immobilization Strategies to Improve Enzyme Performance
TL;DR: The advantages and disadvantages of the different existing immobilization strategies to solve the different aforementioned enzyme limitations are given and some advice to select the optimal strategy for each particular enzyme and process is given.
Journal ArticleDOI
Application of chitin- and chitosan-based materials for enzyme immobilizations: a review
TL;DR: A review of the literature on enzymes immobilized on chitin- and chitosan-based materials, covering the last decade, is presented in this paper, where one hundred fifty-eight papers on 63 immobilized enzymes for multiplicity of applications ranging from wine, sugar and fish industry, through organic compounds removal from wastewaters to sophisticated biosensors for both in situ measurements of environmental pollutants and metabolite control in artificial organs, are reviewed.