Enzyme immobilisation in biocatalysis : Why, what and how
Roger A. Sheldon,Sander van Pelt +1 more
TLDR
An overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented and emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).Abstract:
In this tutorial review, an overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented. The importance of biocatalysis in the context of green and sustainable chemicals manufacture is discussed and the necessity for immobilisation of enzymes as a key enabling technology for practical and commercial viability is emphasised. The underlying reasons for immobilisation are the need to improve the stability and recyclability of the biocatalyst compared to the free enzyme. The lower risk of product contamination with enzyme residues and low or no allergenicity are further advantages of immobilised enzymes. Methods for immobilisation are divided into three categories: adsorption on a carrier (support), encapsulation in a carrier, and cross-linking (carrier-free). General considerations regarding immobilisation, regardless of the method used, are immobilisation yield, immobilisation efficiency, activity recovery, enzyme loading (wt% in the biocatalyst) and the physical properties, e.g. particle size and density, hydrophobicity and mechanical robustness of the immobilisate, i.e. the immobilised enzyme as a whole (enzyme + support). The choice of immobilisate is also strongly dependent on the reactor configuration used, e.g. stirred tank, fixed bed, fluidised bed, and the mode of downstream processing. Emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).read more
Citations
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Thermomagneto-Responsive Smart Biocatalysts for Malonyl-Coenzyme A Synthesis.
Baiju P. Krishnan,Lizbeth Ofelia Prieto-López,Sandra Hoefgen,Lulu Xue,Sheng Wang,Vito Valiante,Jiaxi Cui +6 more
TL;DR: A thermo-magneto-responsive biocatalyst designed by immobilizing an enzyme on the terminal of thermoresponsive polymer brushes tethered on magnetic nanoparticle (NP) clusters, which is fully recoverable under the magnetic field when above 32° C and shows excellent catalytic switchability.
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Strategies toward development of biodegradable hydrogels for biomedical applications
Sarada Prasanna Mallick,Dheerendra Kumar Suman,Bhisham Narayan Singh,Pradeep Srivastava,Nadeem Siddiqui,Venkata Rajesh Yella,Abhimanyu Madhual,Praveen Kumar Vemuri +7 more
TL;DR: Hydrogels are class of materials that can be tuned toward the subjected stimuli and can be modified to imitate the extracellular environment of the body which makes hydrogel worthy of being used in tissue regeneration, drug delivery, and other fields of science.
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Surface functionalization of SBA-15 for immobilization of lipase and its application in synthesis of alkyl levulinates: Optimization and kinetics
TL;DR: In this paper, surface functionalized SBA-15 was used to immobilize Candida antarctica lipase B for the production of different alkyl levulinates, the highest conversion of 94% was achieved within 2
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Effects of single and co-immobilization on the product specificity of type I pullulanase from Anoxybacillus sp. SK3-4
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that co-immobilization of PulASK and α-amylase from Anoxybacillus sp.
Journal ArticleDOI
Using Inorganic Nanomaterials to Endow Biocatalytic Systems with Unique Features
TL;DR: This work highlights recent advances in constructing nanomaterial-incorporated enzymes that integrate the specific recognition and biocatalytic properties of enzymes with the attractive electronic, optical, magnetic, and catalytical properties of nanommaterials.
References
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Engineering the third wave of biocatalysis
Uwe T. Bornscheuer,Gjalt W. Huisman,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Stefan Lutz,Jeffrey C. Moore,Karen Robins +6 more
TL;DR: Applications of protein-engineered biocatalysts ranging from commodity chemicals to advanced pharmaceutical intermediates that use enzyme catalysis as a key step are discussed.
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Enzyme immobilization: The quest for optimum performance
TL;DR: Different methods for the immobilization of enzymes are critically reviewed, with emphasis on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports, e.g., mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, novel entrapment methods and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemistry of Aerogels and Their Applications
Alain Pierre,Gerard Pajonk +1 more
TL;DR: Aerogels form a new class of solids showing sophisticated potentialities for a range of applications, and can develop very attractive physical and chemical properties not achievable by other means of low temperature soft chemical synthesis.
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Potential of Different Enzyme Immobilization Strategies to Improve Enzyme Performance
TL;DR: The advantages and disadvantages of the different existing immobilization strategies to solve the different aforementioned enzyme limitations are given and some advice to select the optimal strategy for each particular enzyme and process is given.
Journal ArticleDOI
Application of chitin- and chitosan-based materials for enzyme immobilizations: a review
TL;DR: A review of the literature on enzymes immobilized on chitin- and chitosan-based materials, covering the last decade, is presented in this paper, where one hundred fifty-eight papers on 63 immobilized enzymes for multiplicity of applications ranging from wine, sugar and fish industry, through organic compounds removal from wastewaters to sophisticated biosensors for both in situ measurements of environmental pollutants and metabolite control in artificial organs, are reviewed.