Enzyme immobilisation in biocatalysis : Why, what and how
Roger A. Sheldon,Sander van Pelt +1 more
TLDR
An overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented and emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).Abstract:
In this tutorial review, an overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented. The importance of biocatalysis in the context of green and sustainable chemicals manufacture is discussed and the necessity for immobilisation of enzymes as a key enabling technology for practical and commercial viability is emphasised. The underlying reasons for immobilisation are the need to improve the stability and recyclability of the biocatalyst compared to the free enzyme. The lower risk of product contamination with enzyme residues and low or no allergenicity are further advantages of immobilised enzymes. Methods for immobilisation are divided into three categories: adsorption on a carrier (support), encapsulation in a carrier, and cross-linking (carrier-free). General considerations regarding immobilisation, regardless of the method used, are immobilisation yield, immobilisation efficiency, activity recovery, enzyme loading (wt% in the biocatalyst) and the physical properties, e.g. particle size and density, hydrophobicity and mechanical robustness of the immobilisate, i.e. the immobilised enzyme as a whole (enzyme + support). The choice of immobilisate is also strongly dependent on the reactor configuration used, e.g. stirred tank, fixed bed, fluidised bed, and the mode of downstream processing. Emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).read more
Citations
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Library of Norcoclaurine Synthases and Their Immobilization for Biocatalytic Transformations.
TL;DR: The PbNCS enzyme is successfully immobilized on various carriers whereby EziG3 proved to be the best suited for biotransformations, and dopamine showed limited stability in solution resulting in the coating of the catalyst over time, which could be solved by the addition of ascorbic acid as antioxidant.
Journal ArticleDOI
Highly sensitive urine glucose detection with graphene field-effect transistors functionalized with electropolymerized nanofilms
Omar Azzaroni,Gonzalo E. Fenoy,Waldemar A. Marmisollé,Wolfgang Knoll,Wolfgang Knoll,Omar Azzaroni +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a new approach for glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilization on graphene field effect transistors (gFETs) was introduced, which relies on the electropolymerization of a layer of poly(3-amino-benzylamine-co-aniline) (PABA) on graphene-based transistors.
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Improvement of Aspergillus flavus saponin hydrolase thermal stability and productivity via immobilization on a novel carrier based on sugarcane bagasse
TL;DR: Graphical abstract Course of soyasapogenol B production from soysaponin by free and immobilized A. flavus saponin hydrolase on Eupergit C and functionalized sugarcane bagasse.
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Enzymatic catalysis as a versatile tool for the synthesis of multifunctional, bio-based oligoester resins
TL;DR: CalB was used as catalyst in one-pot routes to synthesise multifunctional oligoester resins based on an epoxy-functional ω-hydroxy-fatty acid extracted from birch bark, resulting in three different EFA-based telechelic oligomers with targeted molecular weights; containing maleimide, methacrylate or oxetane as end-groups, respectively.
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Immobilized Biocatalyst Engineering: High throughput enzyme immobilization for the integration of biocatalyst improvement strategies
TL;DR: In this paper, an enzyme improvement platform, Immobilized Biocatalyst Engineering (IBE), was designed and validated, which simultaneously integrates PE and EI, with a unique combination of improvement through amino acid substitutions and attachment to a support material, allowing to select variants that would not be found through single or subsequent PE or EI improvement strategies.
References
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Engineering the third wave of biocatalysis
Uwe T. Bornscheuer,Gjalt W. Huisman,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Stefan Lutz,Jeffrey C. Moore,Karen Robins +6 more
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Enzyme immobilization: The quest for optimum performance
TL;DR: Different methods for the immobilization of enzymes are critically reviewed, with emphasis on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports, e.g., mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, novel entrapment methods and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).
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Chemistry of Aerogels and Their Applications
Alain Pierre,Gerard Pajonk +1 more
TL;DR: Aerogels form a new class of solids showing sophisticated potentialities for a range of applications, and can develop very attractive physical and chemical properties not achievable by other means of low temperature soft chemical synthesis.
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Potential of Different Enzyme Immobilization Strategies to Improve Enzyme Performance
TL;DR: The advantages and disadvantages of the different existing immobilization strategies to solve the different aforementioned enzyme limitations are given and some advice to select the optimal strategy for each particular enzyme and process is given.
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Application of chitin- and chitosan-based materials for enzyme immobilizations: a review
TL;DR: A review of the literature on enzymes immobilized on chitin- and chitosan-based materials, covering the last decade, is presented in this paper, where one hundred fifty-eight papers on 63 immobilized enzymes for multiplicity of applications ranging from wine, sugar and fish industry, through organic compounds removal from wastewaters to sophisticated biosensors for both in situ measurements of environmental pollutants and metabolite control in artificial organs, are reviewed.