Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with quantified uncertainty ranges and identified data gaps
Gustaf Hugelius,Jens Strauss,Sebastian Zubrzycki,Jennifer W. Harden,Edward A. G. Schuur,Edward A. G. Schuur,Chien-Lu Ping,Lutz Schirrmeister,Guido Grosse,Gary J. Michaelson,Charles D. Koven,Jonathan A. O'Donnell,Bo Elberling,Umakant Mishra,Philip Camill,Zicheng Yu,Juri Palmtag,Peter Kuhry +17 more
TLDR
In this article, the authors presented revised estimates of permafrost organic carbon stocks, including quantitative uncertainty estimates, in the 0-3 m depth range in soils as well as for sediments deeper than 3 m in deltaic deposits of major rivers and in the Yedoma region of Siberia and Alaska.Abstract:
Soils and other unconsolidated deposits in the northern circumpolar permafrost region store large amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC). This SOC is potentially vulnerable to remobilization following soil warming and permafrost thaw, but SOC stock estimates were poorly constrained and quantitative error estimates were lacking. This study presents revised estimates of permafrost SOC stocks, including quantitative uncertainty estimates, in the 0–3 m depth range in soils as well as for sediments deeper than 3 m in deltaic deposits of major rivers and in the Yedoma region of Siberia and Alaska. Revised estimates are based on significantly larger databases compared to previous studies. Despite this there is evidence of significant remaining regional data gaps. Estimates remain particularly poorly constrained for soils in the High Arctic region and physiographic regions with thin sedimentary overburden (mountains, highlands and plateaus) as well as for deposits below 3 m depth in deltas and the Yedoma region. While some components of the revised SOC stocks are similar in magnitude to those previously reported for this region, there are substantial differences in other components, including the fraction of perennially frozen SOC. Upscaled based on regional soil maps, estimated permafrost region SOC stocks are 217 ± 12 and 472 ± 27 Pg for the 0–0.3 and 0–1 m soil depths, respectively (±95% confidence intervals). Storage of SOC in 0–3 m of soils is estimated to 1035 ± 150 Pg. Of this, 34 ± 16 Pg C is stored in poorly developed soils of the High Arctic. Based on generalized calculations, storage of SOC below 3 m of surface soils in deltaic alluvium of major Arctic rivers is estimated as 91 ± 52 Pg. In the Yedoma region, estimated SOC stocks below 3 m depth are 181 ± 54 Pg, of which 74 ± 20 Pg is stored in intact Yedoma (late Pleistocene ice- and organic-rich silty sediments) with the remainder in refrozen thermokarst deposits. Total estimated SOC storage for the permafrost region is ∼1300 Pg with an uncertainty range of ∼1100 to 1500 Pg. Of this, ∼500 Pg is in non-permafrost soils, seasonally thawed in the active layer or in deeper taliks, while ∼800 Pg is perennially frozen. This represents a substantial ∼300 Pg lowering of the estimated perennially frozen SOC stock compared to previous estimates.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback
Edward A. G. Schuur,A. D. McGuire,Christina Schädel,Christina Schädel,Guido Grosse,Jennifer W. Harden,Daniel J. Hayes,Gustaf Hugelius,Charles D. Koven,Peter Kuhry,David M. Lawrence,Susan M. Natali,David Olefeldt,Vladimir E. Romanovsky,Kevin Schaefer,Merritt R. Turetsky,Claire C. Treat,Jorien E. Vonk +17 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors find that current evidence suggests a gradual and prolonged release of greenhouse gas emissions in a warming climate and present a research strategy with which to target poorly understood aspects of permafrost carbon dynamics.
Journal ArticleDOI
The global methane budget 2000–2017
Marielle Saunois,Ann R. Stavert,Ben Poulter,Philippe Bousquet,Josep G. Canadell,Robert B. Jackson,Peter A. Raymond,Edward J. Dlugokencky,Sander Houweling,Sander Houweling,Prabir K. Patra,Prabir K. Patra,Philippe Ciais,Vivek K. Arora,David Bastviken,Peter Bergamaschi,Donald R. Blake,Gordon Brailsford,Lori Bruhwiler,Kimberly M. Carlson,Mark Carrol,Simona Castaldi,Naveen Chandra,Cyril Crevoisier,Patrick M. Crill,Kristofer R. Covey,Charles L. Curry,Giuseppe Etiope,Giuseppe Etiope,Christian Frankenberg,Nicola Gedney,Michaela I. Hegglin,Lena Höglund-Isaksson,Gustaf Hugelius,Misa Ishizawa,Akihiko Ito,Greet Janssens-Maenhout,Katherine M. Jensen,Fortunat Joos,Thomas Kleinen,Paul B. Krummel,Ray L. Langenfelds,Goulven Gildas Laruelle,Licheng Liu,Toshinobu Machida,Shamil Maksyutov,Kyle C. McDonald,Joe McNorton,Paul A. Miller,Joe R. Melton,Isamu Morino,Jurek Müller,Fabiola Murguia-Flores,Vaishali Naik,Yosuke Niwa,Sergio Noce,Simon O'Doherty,Robert J. Parker,Changhui Peng,Shushi Peng,Glen P. Peters,Catherine Prigent,Ronald G. Prinn,Michel Ramonet,Pierre Regnier,William J. Riley,Judith A. Rosentreter,Arjo Segers,Isobel J. Simpson,Hao Shi,Steven J. Smith,L. Paul Steele,Brett F. Thornton,Hanqin Tian,Yasunori Tohjima,Francesco N. Tubiello,Aki Tsuruta,Nicolas Viovy,Apostolos Voulgarakis,Apostolos Voulgarakis,Thomas Weber,Michiel van Weele,Guido R. van der Werf,Ray F. Weiss,Doug Worthy,Debra Wunch,Yi Yin,Yi Yin,Yukio Yoshida,Weiya Zhang,Zhen Zhang,Yuanhong Zhao,Bo Zheng,Qing Zhu,Qiuan Zhu,Qianlai Zhuang +95 more
TL;DR: The second version of the living review paper dedicated to the decadal methane budget, integrating results of top-down studies (atmospheric observations within an atmospheric inverse-modeling framework) and bottom-up estimates (including process-based models for estimating land surface emissions and atmospheric chemistry, inventories of anthropogenic emissions, and data-driven extrapolations) as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate policy implications of nonlinear decline of Arctic land permafrost and other cryosphere elements
Dmitry Yumashev,Chris Hope,Kevin Schaefer,Kathrin Riemann-Campe,Fernando Iglesias-Suarez,Fernando Iglesias-Suarez,Elchin Jafarov,Elchin Jafarov,Eleanor J. Burke,Paul Young,Yasin Elshorbany,Gail Whiteman +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored nonlinear transitions in the Arctic feedbacks and their subsequent impacts on the global climate and economy under the Paris Agreement scenarios, and found an important contribution to warming which leads to additional economic losses from climate change.
Journal ArticleDOI
The global methane budget 2000–2012
Marielle Saunois,Philippe Bousquet,Ben Poulter,Anna Peregon,Philippe Ciais,Josep G. Canadell,Edward J. Dlugokencky,Giuseppe Etiope,David Bastviken,Sander Houweling,Greet Janssens-Maenhout,Francesco N. Tubiello,Simona Castaldi,Robert B. Jackson,Mihai Alexe,Vivek K. Arora,David J. Beerling,Peter Bergamaschi,Donald R. Blake,Gordon Brailsford,Victor Brovkin,Lori Bruhwiler,Cyril Crevoisier,Patrick M. Crill,Kristofer R. Covey,Charles L. Curry,Christian Frankenberg,Nicola Gedney,Lena Höglund-Isaksson,Misa Ishizawa,Akihiko Ito,Fortunat Joos,Heon Sook Kim,Thomas Kleinen,Paul B. Krummel,Jean-Francois Lamarque,Ray L. Langenfelds,Robin Locatelli,Toshinobu Machida,Shamil Maksyutov,Kyle C. McDonald,Julia Marshall,Joe R. Melton,Isamu Morino,Vaishali Naik,Simon O'Doherty,Frans-Jan W. Parmentier,Prabir K. Patra,Changhui Peng,Shushi Peng,Glen P. Peters,Isabelle Pison,Catherine Prigent,Ronald G. Prinn,Michel Ramonet,William J. Riley,Makoto Saito,Monia Santini,Ronny Schroeder,Ronny Schroeder,Isobel J. Simpson,Renato Spahni,P. Steele,Atsushi Takizawa,Brett F. Thornton,Hanqin Tian,Yasunori Tohjima,Nicolas Viovy,Apostolos Voulgarakis,Michiel van Weele,Guido R. van der Werf,Ray F. Weiss,Christine Wiedinmyer,David J. Wilton,Andy Wiltshire,Doug Worthy,Debra Wunch,Xiyan Xu,Yukio Yoshida,Bowen Zhang,Zhen Zhang,Qiuan Zhu +81 more
TL;DR: The Global Carbon Project (GCP) as discussed by the authors is a consortium of multi-disciplinary scientists, including atmospheric physicists and chemists, biogeochemists of surface and marine emissions, and socio-economists who study anthropogenic emissions.
Global Methane Budget 2000-2012
Marielle Saunois,Philippe Bousquet,B. Poulter,Anna Peregon,Philippe Ciais,Josep G. Canadell,Edward J. Dlugokencky,Giuseppe Etiope,David Bastviken,Sander Houweling,Greet Janssens-Maenhout,Francesco N. Tubiello,Simona Castaldi,Robert B. Jackson,Mihai Alexe,Vivek K. Arora,David J. Beerling,Peter Bergamaschi,Donald R. Blake,Gordon Brailsford,Brovkin,Lori Bruhwiler,C. D. Crevoisier,Patrick M. Crill,Kristofer R. Covey,Charles L. Curry,Christian Frankenberg,Nicola Gedney,L. Höglund-Isaksson,Misa Ishizawa,Akihiko Ito,Fortunat Joos,Heon-Sook Kim,Thomas Kleinen,Paul B. Krummel,Jean-Francois Lamarque,Ray L. Langenfelds,Robin Locatelli,Toshinobu Machida,Shamil Maksyutov,Kyle C. McDonald,Julia Marshall,Melton,Isamu Morino,Naik,S. Oâ Doherty,Frans-Jan W. Parmentier,Prabir K. Patra,Changhui Peng,Shushi Peng,Glen P. Peters,Isabelle Pison,Catherine Prigent,Ronald G. Prinn,Michel Ramonet,William J. Riley,Makoto Saito,Monia Santini,Ronny Schroeder,Isobel J. Simpson,Renato Spahni,P. Steele,Atsushi Takizawa,Brett F. Thornton,Hanqin Tian,Yasunori Tohjima,Nicolas Viovy,Apostolos Voulgarakis,M. van Weele,G. R. van der Werf,Ray F. Weiss,Christine Wiedinmyer,David J. Wilton,Andy Wiltshire,Douglas E. J. Worthy,Debra Wunch,Xiyan Xu,Yukio Yoshida,Bowen Zhang,Zhen Zhang,Qing Zhu +80 more
References
More filters
Journal Article
Past: paleontological statistical software package for education and data analysis
TL;DR: PAST (PAleontological STatistics) as discussed by the authors is a simple-to-use software package for executing a range of standard numerical analysis and operations used in quantitative paleontology.
PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis version 2.09
TL;DR: PAST integrates spreadsheet-type data entry with univariate and multivariate statistics, curve fitting, timeseries analysis, data plotting, and simple phylogenetic analysis, making it a complete educational package for courses in quantitative methods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change
TL;DR: This work has suggested that several environmental constraints obscure the intrinsic temperature sensitivity of substrate decomposition, causing lower observed ‘apparent’ temperature sensitivity, and these constraints may, themselves, be sensitive to climate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world
TL;DR: In this article, a discrepancy of approximately 350 × 1015 g (or Pg) of C in two recent estimates of soil carbon reserves worldwide is evaluated using the geo-referenced database developed for the World Inventory of Soil Emission Potentials (WISE) project.
Journal ArticleDOI
Soil organic carbon pools in the northern circumpolar permafrost region
Charles Tarnocai,Josep G. Canadell,Edward A. G. Schuur,Peter Kuhry,Galina Mazhitova,Sergei Zimov +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported a new estimate of the carbon pools in soils of the northern permafrost region, including deeper layers and pools not accounted for in previous analyses.
Related Papers (5)
Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback
Edward A. G. Schuur,A. D. McGuire,Christina Schädel,Christina Schädel,Guido Grosse,Jennifer W. Harden,Daniel J. Hayes,Gustaf Hugelius,Charles D. Koven,Peter Kuhry,David M. Lawrence,Susan M. Natali,David Olefeldt,Vladimir E. Romanovsky,Kevin Schaefer,Merritt R. Turetsky,Claire C. Treat,Jorien E. Vonk +17 more
Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon to Climate Change: Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle
Edward A. G. Schuur,James G. Bockheim,Josep G. Canadell,Eugénie S. Euskirchen,Christopher B. Field,Sergey Goryachkin,Stefan Hagemann,Peter Kuhry,Peter M. Lafleur,Hanna Lee,Galina Mazhitova,Frederick E. Nelson,Annette Rinke,Vladimir E. Romanovsky,Nikolay I. Shiklomanov,Charles Tarnocai,Sergey Venevsky,Jason G. Vogel,Sergei Zimov +18 more