Evidence for perchlorates and the origin of chlorinated hydrocarbons detected by SAM at the Rocknest aeolian deposit in Gale Crater
Daniel P. Glavin,Caroline Freissinet,Kristen E. Miller,Jennifer L. Eigenbrode,A. E. Brunner,A. E. Brunner,Arnaud Buch,Brad Sutter,P. Douglas Archer,Sushil K. Atreya,William B. Brinckerhoff,Michael Cabane,Patrice Coll,Pamela G. Conrad,David Coscia,Jason P. Dworkin,Heather B. Franz,Heather B. Franz,John P. Grotzinger,Laurie A. Leshin,Mildred G. Martin,Mildred G. Martin,Christopher P. McKay,Douglas W. Ming,Rafael Navarro-González,Alexander A. Pavlov,Andrew Steele,Roger E. Summons,Cyril Szopa,Samuel Teinturier,Paul R. Mahaffy +30 more
TLDR
A single scoop of the Rocknest aeolian deposit was sieved and four separate sample portions, each with a mass of ~50mg, were delivered to individual cups inside the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument by the Mars Science Laboratory rover's ample acquisition system.Abstract:
[1] A single scoop of the Rocknest aeolian deposit was sieved (<150 μm), and four separate sample portions, each with a mass of ~50mg, were delivered to individual cups inside the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument by the Mars Science Laboratory rover’ ss ample acquisition system. The samples were analyzed separately by the SAM pyrolysis evolved gas and gas chromatograph mass spectrometer analysis modes. Several chlorinated hydrocarbons including chloromethane, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, a chloromethylpropene, and chlorobenzene were identified by SAM above background levels with abundances of ~0.01 to 2.3nmol. The evolution of the chloromethanes observed during pyrolysis is coincident with the increase in O2 released from the Rocknest sample and the decomposition of a product of N-methyl-N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA), a chemical whose vapors were released from a derivatization cup inside SAM. The best candidate for the oxychlorine compounds in Rocknest is a hydrated calcium perchlorate (Ca(ClO4)2·nH2O), based on the temperature release of O2 that correlates with the release of the chlorinated hydrocarbons measured by SAM, although other chlorine-bearing phases are being considered. Laboratory analog experiments suggest that the reaction of Martian chlorine from perchlorate decomposition with terrestrial organic carbon from MTBSTFA during pyrolysis can explain the presence of three chloromethanes and a chloromethylpropene detected by SAM. Chlorobenzene may be attributed to reactionsofMartian chlorine released during pyrolysiswith terrestrial benzene or toluene derived from 2,6-diphenylphenylene oxide (Tenax) on the SAM hydrocarbon trap. At this time we do not have definitive evidence to support a nonterrestrial carbon source for these chlorinated hydrocarbons, nor do we exclude the possibility that future SAM analyses will reveal the presence of organic compounds native to the Martian regolith.read more
Citations
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Spectral evidence for hydrated salts in recurring slope lineae on Mars
Lujendra Ojha,Mary Beth Wilhelm,Mary Beth Wilhelm,Scott L. Murchie,Alfred S. McEwen,James J. Wray,Jennifer Hanley,Marion Massé,Matthew Chojnacki +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, spectral analysis of spectral data reveals hydrated salts associated with the streaks, confirming a briny origin, but evidence of water or salts has been lacking, which is not the case in this paper.
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Mars’ Surface Radiation Environment Measured with the Mars Science Laboratory’s Curiosity Rover
Donald M. Hassler,Cary Zeitlin,Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber,Bent Ehresmann,Scot Rafkin,Jennifer L. Eigenbrode,David E. Brinza,G. Weigle,Stephan Böttcher,E. Böhm,Soenke Burmeister,Jingnan Guo,Jan Köhler,Cesar Martin,Guenther Reitz,Francis A. Cucinotta,Myung-Hee Y. Kim,David Grinspoon,Mark A. Bullock,Arik Posner,Javier Gómez-Elvira,Ashwin R. Vasavada,John P. Grotzinger +22 more
TL;DR: Measurements of the absorbed dose and dose equivalent from galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles on the martian surface for ~300 days of observations during the current solar maximum provide insight into the radiation hazards associated with a human mission to the surface of Mars and provide an anchor point with which to model the subsurface radiation environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Volatile, Isotope, and Organic Analysis of Martian Fines with the Mars Curiosity Rover
Laurie A. Leshin,Paul R. Mahaffy,Christopher R. Webster,Michel Cabane,Patrice Coll,Pamela G. Conrad,P. D. Archer,S. K. Atreya,A. E. Brunner,A. E. Brunner,Arnaud Buch,Jennifer L. Eigenbrode,G. Flesch,Heather B. Franz,Heather B. Franz,Caroline Freissinet,Daniel P. Glavin,Amy McAdam,Kristen E. Miller,Douglas W. Ming,Richard V. Morris,Rafael Navarro-González,Paul B. Niles,T. C. Owen,Robert O. Pepin,S. W. Squyres,Andrew Steele,Jennifer C. Stern,Roger E. Summons,Dawn Y. Sumner,B. Sutter,Cyril Szopa,Samuel Teinturier,Melissa G. Trainer,James J. Wray,John P. Grotzinger +35 more
TL;DR: Samples from the Rocknest aeolian deposit were heated to ~835°C under helium flow and evolved gases analyzed by Curiosity's Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite, suggesting that oxygen is produced from thermal decomposition of an oxychloride compound.
Journal ArticleDOI
Organic matter preserved in 3-billion-year-old mudstones at Gale crater, Mars.
Jennifer L. Eigenbrode,Roger E. Summons,Andrew Steele,Caroline Freissinet,Maeva Millan,Rafael Navarro-González,Brad Sutter,Amy McAdam,Heather B. Franz,Daniel P. Glavin,P. D. Archer,Paul R. Mahaffy,Pamela G. Conrad,Joel A. Hurowitz,John P. Grotzinger,Sanjeev Gupta,D. W. Ming,Dawn Y. Sumner,Cyril Szopa,Charles Malespin,Arnaud Buch,Patrice Coll +21 more
TL;DR: In situ detection of organic matter preserved in lacustrine mudstones at the base of the ~3.5-billion-year-old Murray formation at Pahrump Hills, Gale crater, by the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite onboard the Curiosity rover is reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Habitability on Early Mars and the Search for Biosignatures with the ExoMars Rover
Jorge L. Vago,Frances Westall,Andrew J. Coates,Ralf Jaumann,Oleg Korablev,Valérie Ciarletti,I. G. Mitrofanov,Jean-Luc Josset,Maria Cristina De Sanctis,Jean-Pierre Bibring,F. Rull,Fred Goesmann,Harald Steininger,Walter Goetz,William B. Brinckerhoff,Cyril Szopa,François Raulin,Howell G. M. Edwards,Lyle G. Whyte,Alberto G. Fairén,John Bridges,Ernst Hauber,Gian Gabriele Ori,Stephanie C. Werner,Damien Loizeau,Ruslan O. Kuzmin,Rebecca M. E. Williams,Jessica Flahaut,François Forget,Daniel Rodionov,Håkan Svedhem,Elliot Sefton-Nash,Gerhard Kminek,L. Lorenzoni,Luc Joudrier,Viktor Mikhailov,Alexander Zashchirinskiy,Sergei Alexashkin,Fabio Calantropio,Andrea Merlo,Pantelis Poulakis,Olivier Witasse,Olivier Bayle,Silvia Bayón,Uwe J. Meierhenrich,John Carter,Juan Manuel García-Ruiz,Pietro Baglioni,A. F. C. Haldemann,Andrew J. Ball,André Debus,Robert Lindner,Frédéric Haessig,David Monteiro,Roland Trautner,Christoph Voland,Pierre Rebeyre,Duncan Goulty,F. Didot,Stephen Durrant,Eric Zekri,Detlef Koschny,Andrea Toni,Gianfranco Visentin,Martin Zwick,Michel van Winnendael,Martin Azkarate,Christophe Carreau +67 more
TL;DR: The second ExoMars mission will be launched in 2020 to target an ancient location interpreted to have strong potential for past habitability and for preserving physical and chemical biosignatures (as well as abiotic/prebiotic organics).
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