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Germanene: a novel two-dimensional germanium allotrope akin to graphene and silicene

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TLDR
In this article, an atom-thin, ordered, two-dimensional multi-phase film was grown in situ through germanium molecular beam epitaxy using a gold surface as a substrate.
Abstract
We have grown an atom-thin, ordered, two-dimensional multi-phase film in situ through germanium molecular beam epitaxy using a gold (111) surface as a substrate. Its growth is similar to the formation of silicene layers on silver (111) templates. One of the phases, forming large domains, as observed in scanning tunneling microscopy, shows a clear, nearly flat, honeycomb structure. Thanks to thorough synchrotron radiation core-level spectroscopy measurements and advanced density functional theory calculations we can identify it as a ?3????3 R(30?) germanene layer in conjunction with a ?7????7 R(19.1?) Au(111) supercell, presenting compelling evidence of the synthesis of the germanium-based cousin of graphene on gold.

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Topological to trivial insulating phase transition in stanene

TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of stanene, the Sn counterpart of graphene, were theoretically studied using first-principles simulations and the topological to trivial insulating phase transition induced by an out-of-plane electric field or by quantum confinement effects was predicted.
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Coexistence of strongly buckled germanene phases on Al(111).

TL;DR: Simulated STM of both orientations fit nicely with experimental STM images and the Ge 3d core-level data decomposed into four components is consistent with the suggested atomic model, which is stable in two different orientations on Al(111).
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Single-layer Janus black arsenic-phosphorus (b-AsP): Optical dichroism, anisotropic vibrational, thermal, and elastic properties

TL;DR: In this article, a puckered, dynamically stable Janus single-layer black arsenic-phosphorus (b-AsP) was predicted by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Prediction on the light-assisted exfoliation of multilayered arsenene by the photo-isomerization of azobenzene

TL;DR: It is proposed here that the conformational change in the photo-isomerization of azobenzene-based photochromes might be used to promote the exfoliation of multilayered arsenene.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Two- and one-dimensional honeycomb structures of silicon and germanium.

TL;DR: In this paper, first-principles calculations of structure optimization, phonon modes, and finite temperature molecular dynamics predict that silicon and germanium can have stable, two-dimensional, low-buckled, honeycomb structures.
Journal Article

Two- and one-dimensional honeycomb structures of silicon and germanium

TL;DR: First-principles calculations of structure optimization, phonon modes, and finite temperature molecular dynamics predict that silicon and germanium can have stable, two-dimensional, low-buckled, honeycomb structures, which show remarkable electronic and magnetic properties, which are size and orientation dependent.
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Quantum spin Hall effect in silicene and two-dimensional germanium.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that silicene with topologically nontrivial electronic structures can realize the quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE) by exploiting adiabatic continuity and the direct calculation of the Z(2) topological invariant.
Journal ArticleDOI

Experimental Evidence for Epitaxial Silicene on Diboride Thin Films

TL;DR: It is shown that two-dimensional, epitaxial silicene forms through surface segregation on zirconium diboride thin films grown on Si wafers and that the buckling and thus the electronic properties of silicenes are modified by epitaxials strain.
Journal ArticleDOI

Low-energy effective Hamiltonian involving spin-orbit coupling in silicene and two-dimensional germanium and tin

TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived the low energy effective Hamiltonian involving spin-orbit coupling (SOC) for silicene, which is the analog to the graphene quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE) Hamiltonian.
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