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Germanene: a novel two-dimensional germanium allotrope akin to graphene and silicene

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TLDR
In this article, an atom-thin, ordered, two-dimensional multi-phase film was grown in situ through germanium molecular beam epitaxy using a gold surface as a substrate.
Abstract
We have grown an atom-thin, ordered, two-dimensional multi-phase film in situ through germanium molecular beam epitaxy using a gold (111) surface as a substrate. Its growth is similar to the formation of silicene layers on silver (111) templates. One of the phases, forming large domains, as observed in scanning tunneling microscopy, shows a clear, nearly flat, honeycomb structure. Thanks to thorough synchrotron radiation core-level spectroscopy measurements and advanced density functional theory calculations we can identify it as a ?3????3 R(30?) germanene layer in conjunction with a ?7????7 R(19.1?) Au(111) supercell, presenting compelling evidence of the synthesis of the germanium-based cousin of graphene on gold.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Transition metal-decorated germanene for NO, N2 and O2 sensing: A DFT study

TL;DR: In this paper , the chemical interactions between NO, O2, and N2 gas molecules and Cu-, Ag-, and Au-decorated germanene were investigated by using density functional theory simulations, and the potential applications as gas sensors or scavengers were addressed.
Book ChapterDOI

Elemental Group IV Two-Dimensional Materials Beyond Graphene

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the discovery of silicene, its outstanding properties, its amazingly fast development, and the birth of its column IV brothers, germanene and stanene.
Journal ArticleDOI

Polarized-photon frequency filter in double-ferromagnetic barrier silicene junction

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects from circularly polarized light illumination on controlling spin-valley currents in a dual ferromagnetic-gated silicene were investigated. And the results indicated that photo-sensing devices can be used to achieve giant magnetoresistance by adjusting electric fields or chemical potential.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Two- and one-dimensional honeycomb structures of silicon and germanium.

TL;DR: In this paper, first-principles calculations of structure optimization, phonon modes, and finite temperature molecular dynamics predict that silicon and germanium can have stable, two-dimensional, low-buckled, honeycomb structures.
Journal Article

Two- and one-dimensional honeycomb structures of silicon and germanium

TL;DR: First-principles calculations of structure optimization, phonon modes, and finite temperature molecular dynamics predict that silicon and germanium can have stable, two-dimensional, low-buckled, honeycomb structures, which show remarkable electronic and magnetic properties, which are size and orientation dependent.
Journal ArticleDOI

Quantum spin Hall effect in silicene and two-dimensional germanium.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that silicene with topologically nontrivial electronic structures can realize the quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE) by exploiting adiabatic continuity and the direct calculation of the Z(2) topological invariant.
Journal ArticleDOI

Experimental Evidence for Epitaxial Silicene on Diboride Thin Films

TL;DR: It is shown that two-dimensional, epitaxial silicene forms through surface segregation on zirconium diboride thin films grown on Si wafers and that the buckling and thus the electronic properties of silicenes are modified by epitaxials strain.
Journal ArticleDOI

Low-energy effective Hamiltonian involving spin-orbit coupling in silicene and two-dimensional germanium and tin

TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived the low energy effective Hamiltonian involving spin-orbit coupling (SOC) for silicene, which is the analog to the graphene quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE) Hamiltonian.
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