Glioma and glioblastoma ‑ how much do we (not) know? (Review)
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TLDR
Investigations are focused on the development of novel methods for improving the outcome of glioblastoma multiforme, which remains one of the most challenging malignancies worldwide.Abstract:
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease, which provides a broad field for investigation, while simultaneously reducing the chances for a universal treatment. Malignant gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumors. The heteroge- neity of gliomas regarding clinical presentation, pathology and response to treatment makes this type of tumor a challenging area of research. As the clinical symptoms may be unspecific (e.g., seizures and headaches) it is often difficult to diagnose a patient in the early stages of the disease. Thus far, there are no known genetic patterns of inheritance of this disease. Currently, the treatment of glioblastoma involves surgery, whenever possible, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. Experimental procedures, such as passive and active immu- notherapy, use of angiogenesis inhibitors in combination with chemotherapeutics and gene/antibody therapy, are additional treatment options. However, as the brain is difficult to access due to the presence of the blood‑brain barrier (BBB), none of the above-mentioned therapies have been successful in curing this disease. The lack of knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of gliomas further adds to the difficulties . Currently, investigations are focused on the development of novel methods for improving the outcome of this disease. However, despite the extensive investigations, 88% of all glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients succumb to the disease within 3 years. GBM remains one of the most challenging malignancies worldwide.read more
Citations
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Bevacizumab plus Irinotecan,Fluorouracil,and Leucovorin for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
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Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Review of its Epidemiology and Pathogenesis through Clinical Presentation and Treatment
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TL;DR: It was found that radiation and certain genetic syndromes are the only risk factors identified to date for GBM, and the pathogenesis to involve aberrations of multiple signaling pathways through multiple genetic mutations and altered gene expression.
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The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Like Process in Glioblastoma: An Updated Systematic Review and In Silico Investigation.
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Drug delivery strategies to enhance the permeability of the blood-brain barrier for treatment of glioma.
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Translational potential of astrocytes in brain disorders
TL;DR: This work challenges this neuron-centric view of brain pathology and presents neuroglia as a key element in neuropathology, a process that has a toll on astrocytes, which undergo complex morpho-functional changes that can in turn affect the course of the disorder.
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