Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to loss of function of the KiSS1-derived peptide receptor GPR54
Nicolas de Roux,Emmanuelle Génin,Jean Claude Carel,Fumihiko Matsuda,Chaussain Jl,Edwin Milgrom +5 more
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TLDR
The present study shows that loss of function of GPR54 is a cause of IHH, and it identifies GPR 54 and possibly KiSS1 protein-derived peptide as playing a major and previously unsuspected role in the physiology of the gonadotropic axis.Abstract:
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is defined as a deficiency of the pituitary secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, which results in the impairment of pubertal maturation and of reproductive function. In the absence of pituitary or hypothalamic anatomical lesions and of anosmia (Kallmann syndrome), hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is referred to as isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). A limited number of IHH cases are due to loss-of-function mutations of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. To identify additional gene defects leading to IHH, a large consanguineous family with five affected siblings and with a normal gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor coding sequence was studied. Homozygosity whole-genome mapping allowed the localization of a new locus within the short arm of chromosome 19 (19p13). Sequencing of several genes localized within this region showed that all affected siblings of the family carried a homozygous deletion of 155 nucleotides in the GPR54 gene. This deletion encompassed the splicing acceptor site of intron 4-exon 5 junction and part of exon 5. The deletion was absent or present on only one allele in unaffected family members. GPR54 has been initially identified as an orphan G protein-coupled receptor with 40% homology to galanin receptors. Recently, a 54-aa peptide derived from the KiSS1 protein was identified as a ligand of GPR54. The present study shows that loss of function of GPR54 is a cause of IHH, and it identifies GPR54 and possibly KiSS1 protein-derived peptide as playing a major and previously unsuspected role in the physiology of the gonadotropic axis.read more
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Mammalian G proteins and their cell type specific functions
TL;DR: In this review, some of the functions of heterotrimeric G proteins in defined cells and tissues are described.
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Regulation of Kiss1 gene expression in the brain of the female mouse.
TL;DR: Kiss1 gene encodes a family of neuropeptides called kisspeptins, which activate the receptor G protein-coupled receptor-54 and play a role in the neuroendocrine regulation of GnRH secretion and whether estradiol regulates KiSS-1 in the forebrain of the female mouse is examined.
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The neural basis of puberty and adolescence
Cheryl L. Sisk,Douglas L. Foster +1 more
TL;DR: The pubertal transition to adulthood involves both gonadal and behavioral maturation, and reproductive maturity is the product of developmentally timed, brain-driven and recurrent interactions between steroid hormones and the adolescent nervous system.
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Activation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons by Kisspeptin as a Neuroendocrine Switch for the Onset of Puberty
Seong-Kyu Han,Michelle L. Gottsch,Kathy J Lee,Simina M. Popa,Jeremy Troy Smith,Sonya K Jakawich,Donald K. Clifton,Robert A. Steiner,Allan E. Herbison +8 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that kisspeptin exerts a potent depolarizing effect on the excitability of almost all adult GnRH neurons and that the responsiveness of Gn RH neurons tokisspeptin increases over postnatal development.
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Kisspeptin Activation of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Neurons and Regulation of KiSS-1 mRNA in the Male Rat
Michael S. Irwig,Gregory S. Fraley,Jeremy Troy Smith,Blake V. Acohido,Simina M. Popa,Matthew Cunningham,Michelle L. Gottsch,Donald K. Clifton,Robert A. Steiner +8 more
TL;DR: These results demonstrate that GnRH neurons are direct targets for regulation by kisspeptins and that KiSS-1 mRNA is regulated by gonadal hormones, suggesting that Ki SS-1 neurons play an important role in the feedback regulation of gonadotropin secretion.
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