In vitro and in vivo characterization of new swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses
Yasushi Itoh,Kyoko Shinya,Maki Kiso,Tokiko Watanabe,Yoshihiro Sakoda,Masato Hatta,Yukiko Muramoto,Daisuke Tamura,Yuko Sakai-Tagawa,Takeshi Noda,Saori Sakabe,Masaki Imai,Yasuko Hatta,Shinji Watanabe,Chengjun Li,Shinya Yamada,Ken Fujii,Shin Murakami,Hirotaka Imai,Satoshi Kakugawa,Mutsumi Ito,Ryo Takano,Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto,Masayuki Shimojima,Taisuke Horimoto,Hideo Goto,Kei Takahashi,Akiko Makino,Hirohito Ishigaki,Misako Nakayama,Masatoshi Okamatsu,Kazuo Takahashi,David Warshauer,Peter A. Shult,Reiko Saito,Hiroshi Suzuki,Yousuke Furuta,Makoto Yamashita,Keiko Mitamura,Kunio Nakano,Morio Nakamura,Rebecca A. Brockman-Schneider,Hiroshi Mitamura,Masahiko Yamazaki,Norio Sugaya,M. Suresh,Makoto Ozawa,Makoto Ozawa,Gabriele Neumann,James E. Gern,Hiroshi Kida,Kazumasa Ogasawara,Yoshihiro Kawaoka +52 more
TLDR
It is shown that CA04 is sensitive to approved and experimental antiviral drugs, suggesting that these compounds could function as a first line of defence against the recently declared S-OIV pandemic.Abstract:
Influenza A viruses cause recurrent outbreaks at local or global scale with potentially severe consequences for human health and the global economy. Recently, a new strain of influenza A virus was detected that causes disease in and transmits among humans, probably owing to little or no pre-existing immunity to the new strain. On 11 June 2009 the World Health Organization declared that the infections caused by the new strain had reached pandemic proportion. Characterized as an influenza A virus of the H1N1 subtype, the genomic segments of the new strain were most closely related to swine viruses. Most human infections with swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses (S-OIVs) seem to be mild; however, a substantial number of hospitalized individuals do not have underlying health issues, attesting to the pathogenic potential of S-OIVs. To achieve a better assessment of the risk posed by the new virus, we characterized one of the first US S-OIV isolates, A/California/04/09 (H1N1; hereafter referred to as CA04), as well as several other S-OIV isolates, in vitro and in vivo. In mice and ferrets, CA04 and other S-OIV isolates tested replicate more efficiently than a currently circulating human H1N1 virus. In addition, CA04 replicates efficiently in non-human primates, causes more severe pathological lesions in the lungs of infected mice, ferrets and non-human primates than a currently circulating human H1N1 virus, and transmits among ferrets. In specific-pathogen-free miniature pigs, CA04 replicates without clinical symptoms. The assessment of human sera from different age groups suggests that infection with human H1N1 viruses antigenically closely related to viruses circulating in 1918 confers neutralizing antibody activity to CA04. Finally, we show that CA04 is sensitive to approved and experimental antiviral drugs, suggesting that these compounds could function as a first line of defence against the recently declared S-OIV pandemic.read more
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Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses to the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus
Kathy Hancock,Vic Veguilla,Xiuhua Lu,Weimin Zhong,Eboneé N. Butler,Hong Sun,Feng Liu,Libo Dong,Joshua DeVos,Paul Gargiullo,T . Lynnette. Brammer,Nancy J. Cox,Terrence M. Tumpey,Jacqueline M. Katz +13 more
TL;DR: Vaccination with recent seasonal nonadjuvanted or adjuvanted influenza vaccines induced little or no cross-reactive antibody response to 2009 H1N1 in any age group.
Journal ArticleDOI
Experimental adaptation of an influenza H5 HA confers respiratory droplet transmission to a reassortant H5 HA/H1N1 virus in ferrets
Masaki Imai,Tokiko Watanabe,Masato Hatta,Subash C. Das,Makoto Ozawa,Makoto Ozawa,Kyoko Shinya,Gongxun Zhong,Anthony Hanson,Hiroaki Katsura,Shinji Watanabe,Chengjun Li,Eiryo Kawakami,Shinya Yamada,Maki Kiso,Yasuo Suzuki,Eileen A. Maher,Gabriele Neumann,Yoshihiro Kawaoka +18 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that H5 HA can convert to an HA that supports efficient viral transmission in mammals, and will help individuals conducting surveillance in regions with circulating H5N1 viruses to recognize key residues that predict the pandemic potential of isolate, which will inform the development, production and distribution of effective countermeasures.
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Favipiravir (T-705), a novel viral RNA polymerase inhibitor.
Yousuke Furuta,Brian B. Gowen,Kazumi Takahashi,Kimiyasu Shiraki,Donald F. Smee,Dale L. Barnard +5 more
TL;DR: Favipiravir is an antiviral drug that selectively inhibits the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of influenza virus, and shows a synergistic effect in combination with oseltamivir, thereby expanding influenza treatment options.
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Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase
TL;DR: Favipiravir is an anti-viral agent that selectively and potently inhibits the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of RNA viruses, which is effective against a wide range of types and subtypes of influenza viruses, including strains resistant to existing anti-influenza drugs.
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Influenza virus assembly and budding.
TL;DR: This review investigates the latest research on influenza virus budding in an attempt to provide a step-by-step analysis of the assembly and budding processes for influenza viruses.
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