Introducing the Bird Chromosome Database: An Overview of Cytogenetic Studies in Birds.
Tiago Marafiga Degrandi,Suziane Alves Barcellos,Alice Lemos Costa,Analía Del Valle Garnero,Iris Hass,Ricardo José Gunski +5 more
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TLDR
The BCD will enable researchers to identify the main knowledge gaps in bird cytogenetics, including the most under-sampled groups, and make inferences on chromosomal homologies in phylogenetic studies.Abstract:
Bird chromosomes, which have been investigated scientifically for more than a century, present a number of unique features. In general, bird karyotypes have a high diploid number (2n) of typically around 80 chromosomes that are divided into macro- and microchromosomes. In recent decades, FISH studies using whole chromosome painting probes have shown that the macrochromosomes evolved through both inter- and intrachromosomal rearrangements. However, chromosome painting data are available for only a few bird species, which hinders a more systematic approach to the understanding of the evolutionary history of the enigmatic bird karyotype. Thus, we decided to create an innovative database through compilation of the cytogenetic data available for birds, including chromosome numbers and the results of chromosome painting with chicken (Gallus gallus) probes. The data were obtained through an extensive literature review, which focused on cytogenetic studies published up to 2019. In the first version of the "Bird Chromosome Database (BCD)" (https://sites.unipampa.edu.br/birdchromosomedatabase) we have compiled data on the chromosome numbers of 1,067 bird species and chromosome painting data on 96 species. We found considerable variation in the diploid numbers, which ranged from 40 to 142, although most (around 50%) of the species studied up to now have between 78 and 82 chromosomes. Despite its importance for cytogenetic research, chromosome painting has been applied to less than 1% of all bird species. The BCD will enable researchers to identify the main knowledge gaps in bird cytogenetics, including the most under-sampled groups, and make inferences on chromosomal homologies in phylogenetic studies.read more
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Microchromosomes are building blocks of bird, reptile, and mammal chromosomes.
Paul D. Waters,Hardip R. Patel,Aurora Ruiz-Herrera,Lucía Álvarez-González,Nicholas C. Lister,Oleg Simakov,Tariq Ezaz,Parwinder Kaur,Celine H. Frère,Frank Grützner,Arthur Georges,Jennifer A. Marshall Graves,Jennifer A. Marshall Graves +12 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used cytological and whole-genome sequence comparisons, and chromosome conformation capture, to trace the origin and fate of microchromosomes in the genomes of reptiles, birds, and mammals.
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Interspecies Chromosome Mapping in Caprimulgiformes, Piciformes, Suliformes, and Trogoniformes (Aves): Cytogenomic Insight into Microchromosome Organization and Karyotype Evolution in Birds
Rafael Kretschmer,Rafael Kretschmer,Marcelo Santos de Souza,Ivanete de Oliveira Furo,Michael N Romanov,Ricardo José Gunski,Analía Del Valle Garnero,Thales Renato Ochotorena de Freitas,Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa de Oliveira,Rebecca E. O’Connor,Darren K. Griffin +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed a comparative chromosome mapping for chicken microchromosomes 10 to 28 using interspecies BAC-based FISH hybridization in five species, representing four Neoaves orders (Caprimulgiformes, Piciformes and Trogoniformes).
Journal ArticleDOI
Occasional paternal inheritance of the germline-restricted chromosome in songbirds
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors show that the GRC has the potential to be paternally inherited in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata castanotis).
Journal ArticleDOI
Karyotype Evolution and Genomic Organization of Repetitive DNAs in the Saffron Finch, Sicalis flaveola (Passeriformes, Aves).
Rafael Kretschmer,Benilson Silva Rodrigues,Suziane Alves Barcellos,Alice Lemos Costa,Marcelo de Bello Cioffi,Analía Del Valle Garnero,Ricardo José Gunski,Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa de Oliveira,Darren K. Griffin +8 more
TL;DR: The Saffron finch (Sicalis flaveola), a semi-domestic species, is tolerant of human proximity and nesting in roof spaces as mentioned in this paper, and the results revealed contrasting rates of intrachromosomal changes, highlighting the role of SSR (simple short repetition probes) accumulation in the karyotype reorganization.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Comprehensive Cytogenetic Analysis of Several Members of the Family Columbidae (Aves, Columbiformes).
Rafael Kretschmer,Ivanete de Oliveira Furo,Anderson José Baía Gomes,Lucas G. Kiazim,Ricardo José Gunski,Analía Del Valle Garnero,Jorge C. Pereira,Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith,Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa de Oliveira,Darren K. Griffin,Thales Renato Ochotorena de Freitas,Rebecca E. O’Connor +11 more
TL;DR: Comparative chromosome paint and G-banding results suggested that at least one interchromosomal and many intrachromosomal rearrangements had occurred in the diversification of Columbidae species, and a high degree of conservation of microchromosome organization was observed in these species.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evolutionary stasis: the stable chromosomes of birds
TL;DR: Progress in the development of genetic maps of natural bird populations is discussed, which has revealed that the evolutionary stasis of chromosomes often extends to conservation of gene order.
Journal ArticleDOI
The evolution of the avian genome as revealed by comparative molecular cytogenetics
TL;DR: Speculating as to the reasons for the strange behaviour of these chromosomes as well as the role of telomeres and nuclear organisation in avian evolution is suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex from W to Z: evolution of vertebrate sex chromosomes and sex determining genes.
TL;DR: It is suggested that sex determining genes can be made redundant, and replaced by control at another step of a conserved sex determining pathway, and how choice of a gene as a sex switch has led to the evolution of new sex chromosome systems.