Life in the human stomach: persistence strategies of the bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori
TLDR
The pathogenesis of H. pylori and the mechanisms it uses to promote persistent colonization of the gastric mucosa are discussed, with a focus on recent insights into the role of the virulence factors vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA), cytot toxin-associated gene A (CagA) and CagL.Abstract:
The bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori has co-evolved with humans and colonizes approximately 50% of the human population, but only causes overt gastric disease in a subset of infected hosts. In this Review, we discuss the pathogenesis of H. pylori and the mechanisms it uses to promote persistent colonization of the gastric mucosa, with a focus on recent insights into the role of the virulence factors vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA), cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) and CagL. We also describe the immunobiology of H. pylori infection and highlight how this bacterium manipulates the innate and adaptive immune systems of the host to promote its own persistence.read more
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References
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Interleukin-1 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gastric cancer
Emad M. El-Omar,Emad M. El-Omar,Mary Carrington,Wong Ho Chow,Kenneth E.L. McColl,Jay H. Bream,Howard A. Young,Jesus Herrera,Jolanta Lissowska,Chiu Chin Yuan,Nathaniel Rothman,George Lanyon,Maureen P. Martin,Joseph F. Fraumeni,Charles S. Rabkin +14 more
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Inflammasomes in health and disease
TL;DR: The functions of the different inflammasome complexes are reviewed and how aberrations in them are implicated in the pathogenesis of human diseases are discussed.
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Molecular characterization of the 128-kDa immunodominant antigen of Helicobacter pylori associated with cytotoxicity and duodenal ulcer
Antonello Covacci,Stefano Censini,M Bugnoli,R. Petracca,Daniela Burroni,G. Macchia,A. Massone,Emanuele Papini,Z Xiang,Natale Figura +9 more
TL;DR: The nucleotide sequence and expression of an immunodominant antigen of H. pylori and the immune response to the antigen during disease are reported and it is suggested that only bacteria harboring this protein are associated with disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nod1 responds to peptidoglycan delivered by the Helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island
Jérôme Viala,Catherine Chaput,Ivo G Boneca,Ana Cardona,Stephen E. Girardin,Anthony P. Moran,Rafika Athman,Sylvie Mémet,Michael R Huerre,Anthony J. Coyle,Peter S. DiStefano,Philippe J. Sansonetti,A Labigne,John Bertin,Dana J. Philpott,Dana J. Philpott,Richard L. Ferrero,Richard L. Ferrero +17 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that sensing of H. pylori by Nod1 represents a model for host recognition of noninvasive pathogens as well as an intracellular pathogen-recognition molecule with specificity for Gram-negative peptidoglycan.
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Helicobacter pylori Adhesin Binding Fucosylated Histo-Blood Group Antigens Revealed by Retagging
Dag Ilver,Anna Arnqvist,Johan Ögren,Inga-Maria Frick,Dangeruta Kersulyte,Engin T. Incecik,Douglas E. Berg,Antonello Covacci,Lars Engstrand,Thomas Borén +9 more
TL;DR: The bacterial Leb-binding phenotype was associated with the presence of the cag pathogenicity island among clinical isolates of H. pylori, suggesting that a vaccine strategy based on the BabA adhesin might serve as a means to target the virulent type I strains of the bacterium.
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