Maternal fucosyltransferase 2 status affects the gut bifidobacterial communities of breastfed infants
Zachery T. Lewis,Sarah M. Totten,Jennifer T. Smilowitz,Mina Popovic,Evan A. Parker,Danielle G. Lemay,Maxwell L. Van Tassell,Michael J. Miller,Yong Su Jin,J. Bruce German,Carlito B. Lebrilla,David A. Mills +11 more
TLDR
Mechanistic insight is provided into how milk glycans enrich specific beneficial bacterial populations in infants and clues for enhancing enrichment of bifidobacterial populations in at risk populations - such as premature infants are revealed.Abstract:
Individuals with inactive alleles of the fucosyltransferase 2 gene (FUT2; termed the ‘secretor’ gene) are common in many populations. Some members of the genus Bifidobacterium, common infant gut commensals, are known to consume 2′-fucosylated glycans found in the breast milk of secretor mothers. We investigated the effects of maternal secretor status on the developing infant microbiota with a special emphasis on bifidobacterial species abundance. On average, bifidobacteria were established earlier and more often in infants fed by secretor mothers than in infants fed by non-secretor mothers. In secretor-fed infants, the relative abundance of the Bifidobacterium longum group was most strongly correlated with high percentages of the order Bifidobacteriales. Conversely, in non-secretor-fed infants, Bifidobacterium breve was positively correlated with Bifidobacteriales, while the B. longum group was negatively correlated. A higher percentage of bifidobacteria isolated from secretor-fed infants consumed 2′-fucosyllactose. Infant feces with high levels of bifidobacteria had lower milk oligosaccharide levels in the feces and higher amounts of lactate. Furthermore, feces containing different bifidobacterial species possessed differing amounts of oligosaccharides, suggesting differential consumption in situ. Infants fed by non-secretor mothers are delayed in the establishment of a bifidobacteria-laden microbiota. This delay may be due to difficulties in the infant acquiring a species of bifidobacteria able to consume the specific milk oligosaccharides delivered by the mother. This work provides mechanistic insight into how milk glycans enrich specific beneficial bacterial populations in infants and reveals clues for enhancing enrichment of bifidobacterial populations in at risk populations - such as premature infants.read more
Citations
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Gut biogeography of the bacterial microbiota
TL;DR: Novel hypotheses for how nutrient selection, immune activation and other mechanisms control the biogeography of bacteria in the gut are considered, and the relevance of this spatial heterogeneity to health and disease is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The First Microbial Colonizers of the Human Gut: Composition, Activities, and Health Implications of the Infant Gut Microbiota
Christian Milani,Sabrina Duranti,Francesca Bottacini,Eoghan Casey,Francesca Turroni,Jennifer Mahony,Clara Belzer,Susana Delgado Palacio,Silvia Arboleya Montes,Leonardo Mancabelli,Gabriele Andrea Lugli,Juan M. Rodríguez,Lars Bode,Willem M. de Vos,Willem M. de Vos,Miguel Gueimonde,Abelardo Margolles,Douwe van Sinderen,Marco Ventura +18 more
TL;DR: The infant microbiota, the mechanisms that drive its establishment and composition, and how microbial consortia may be molded by natural or artificial interventions are described and the relevance of key microbial players of the infant gut microbiota, in particular bifidobacteria, with respect to their role in health and disease are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human breast milk: A review on its composition and bioactivity.
TL;DR: The composition of breast milk and the factors that affect it during the course of breast feeding are discussed, allowing for the improvement of clinical practices, infant feeding and the understanding of immune responses to infection and vaccination in infants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of the microbiome in human development.
TL;DR: The role of the microbiome in human development, including evolutionary considerations, and the maternal/fetal relationships, contributions to nutrition and growth are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Human Microbiome and Child Growth – First 1000 Days and Beyond
TL;DR: It is proposed that an 'undernourished' microbiome is intergenerational, thereby perpetuating growth impairments into successive generations and identifying and discussing the intertwining host-microbe-environment interactions occurring prenatally and during early infancy.
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