Muramyl dipeptide and its derivatives: peptide adjuvant in immunological disorders and cancer therapy.
TLDR
The structural modifications of MDP and its derivatives have been extensively studied in an attempt to increase adjuvant activity and boost the immune response effectively for clinical use in the treatment of cancer and other diseases.Abstract:
Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is a synthetic immunoreactive peptide consisting of N-acetyl muramic acid attached to a short amino acid chain of L-Ala-D-isoGln. It was first identified in bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan as an active component in Freund's complete adjuvant. In the cell, MDP is detected by NOD2, a cytoplasmic receptor belonging to the human innate immune system. NOD2 mutations are frequently observed in patients with Crohn's disease, an autoimmune disorder, suggesting the significance of the MDP-NOD2 pathway in activating immunity. For this reason, structural modifications of MDP and its derivatives have been extensively studied in an attempt to increase adjuvant activity and boost the immune response effectively for clinical use in the treatment of cancer and other diseases. This review summarizes the synthetic chemistry of MDP and its derivatives and discusses their pharmacological action and stereoselective synthesis.read more
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Dissertation
Mass Spectrometry Methods for Enhanced Characterization of Biological Systems
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the implementation of mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods in three areas where MS is well-positioned to fulfill unmet analytical needs: time-resolved electrospray ionization hydrogen-deuterium exchange (TRESI-HDX) and ion mobility spectroscopy (IMS)-MS were used to study conformational dynamics in transient C-lipid interactions.
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Modulatory Effects of Herbal Medicines Extracts on Cytokine Release in Immune Response of RAW 264.7 and TK-1
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Design and Synthesis of Immunostimulating Mannosylated Muropeptide Analogs Containing 2-Aminoadamantane-2-carboxylic Acid
TL;DR: The design and synthesis of novel mannosylated muropeptide analogs containing 2-aminoadamantane-2-carboxylic acid are presented and Immunostimulating activities of prepared compounds will be evaluated in the mice model using ovalbumin as an antigen and compared with previously prepared derivatives.
Patent
Novel muramyl peptide derivative compound, synthesis and uses thereof
TL;DR: In this article, the Muramyl Dipeptide (MDP) derivative compound of structural Formula-VIII, a process for synthesis, intermediates used in the synthesis and use thereof.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease
Jean-Pierre Hugot,Mathias Chamaillard,Mathias Chamaillard,Habib Zouali,Suzanne Lesage,Jean-Pierre Cézard,Jacques Belaiche,Sven Almer,Curt Tysk,Colm O'Morain,Miquel A. Gassull,Vibeke Binder,Yigael Finkel,Antoine Cortot,Robert Modigliani,Pierre Laurent-Puig,C. Gower-Rousseau,J. Macry,Jean-Frederic Colombel,Mourad Sahbatou,Gilles Thomas,Gilles Thomas +21 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that the NOD2 gene product confers susceptibility to Crohn's disease by altering the recognition of these components and/or by over-activating NF-kB in monocytes, thus documenting a molecular model for the pathogenic mechanism of Crohn’s disease that can now be further investigated.
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Inflammatory bowel disease: Etiology and pathogenesis
TL;DR: No single agent or distinct mechanism is the sine qua non motive that explains all aspects of IBD, and several distinguishing factors are likely necessary to result in either CD or UC; this review will attempt to discuss those that currently appear important.
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Peptidoglycan structure and architecture
TL;DR: In several species examined, the fine structure of the peptidoglycan significantly varies with the growth conditions, and the different models for the architecture are discussed with respect to structural and physical parameters.
Journal ArticleDOI
The immunological and genetic basis of inflammatory bowel disease.
G. Bouma,G. Bouma,Warren Strober +2 more
TL;DR: The most important finding is the identification of mutations in the gene that encodes NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2) protein in a subgroup of patients with Crohn's disease.
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Nod2-dependent regulation of innate and adaptive immunity in the intestinal tract.
Koichi Kobayashi,Mathias Chamaillard,Yasunori Ogura,Octavian Henegariu,Naohiro Inohara,Gabriel Núñez,Richard A. Flavell +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown that protective immunity mediated by Nod2 recognition of bacterial muramyl dipeptide is abolished in Nod1-deficient mice, providing a possible mechanism for Nod 2 mutations in CD.