Observed 20th century desert dust variability: impact on climate and biogeochemistry
Natalie M. Mahowald,Silvia Kloster,Sebastian Engelstaedter,J. K. Moore,Sujoy Mukhopadhyay,Joseph R. McConnell,Samuel Albani,Samuel Albani,Scott C. Doney,Atreyee Bhattacharya,Mark A. J. Curran,Mark A. J. Curran,Mark Flanner,Forrest M. Hoffman,David M. Lawrence,Keith Lindsay,Paul Andrew Mayewski,Jason C. Neff,Daniel Rothenberg,Elizabeth R. Thomas,Peter E. Thornton,Charles S. Zender +21 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors present observational estimates of desert dust based on pa- leodata proxies showing a doubling of the amount of dust during the 20th century over much, but not all the globe.Abstract:
Desert dust perturbs climate by directly and in- directly interacting with incoming solar and outgoing long wave radiation, thereby changing precipitation and tempera- ture, in addition to modifying ocean and land biogeochem- istry. While we know that desert dust is sensitive to pertur- bations in climate and human land use, previous studies have been unable to determine whether humans were increasing or decreasing desert dust in the global average. Here we present observational estimates of desert dust based on pa- leodata proxies showing a doubling of desert dust during the 20th century over much, but not all the globe. Large uncertainties remain in estimates of desert dust variability over 20th century due to limited data. Using these ob- servational estimates of desert dust change in combination with ocean, atmosphere and land models, we calculate the net radiative effect of these observed changes (top of at- mosphere) over the 20th century to be 0.14± 0.11 W/m 2 (1990-1999 vs. 1905-1914). The estimated radiative changeread more
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Book ChapterDOI
Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing
TL;DR: Myhre et al. as discussed by the authors presented the contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2013: Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative forcing.
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Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles
Philippe Ciais,Christopher L. Sabine,Govindasamy Bala,Laurent Bopp,Victor Brovkin,Josep G. Canadell,Abha Chhabra,Ruth DeFries,James N. Galloway,Martin Heimann,Chris D. Jones,C. Le Quéré,Ranga B. Myneni,S. L. Piao,Peter E. Thornton +14 more
TL;DR: For base year 2010, anthropogenic activities created ~210 (190 to 230) TgN of reactive nitrogen Nr from N2 as discussed by the authors, which is at least 2 times larger than the rate of natural terrestrial creation of ~58 Tg N (50 to 100 Tg nr yr−1) (Table 6.9, Section 1a).
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Processes and patterns of oceanic nutrient limitation
C. M. Moore,Matthew M. Mills,Kevin R. Arrigo,Ilana Berman-Frank,Laurent Bopp,Philip W. Boyd,Philip W. Boyd,Eric D. Galbraith,Richard J. Geider,Cécile Guieu,Samuel L Jaccard,Tim Jickells,Timothy M. Lenton,Natalie M. Mahowald,Emilio Marañón,Irina Marinov,J. K. Moore,Takeshi Nakatsuka,Andreas Oschlies,Mak A. Saito,T. F. Thingstad,Atsushi Tsuda,Osvaldo Ulloa +22 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reveal two broad regimes of phytoplankton nutrient limitation in the modern upper ocean: Nitrogen availability tends to limit productivity throughout much of the surface low-latitude ocean, where the supply of nutrients from the subsurface is relatively slow.
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The physics of wind-blown sand and dust
TL;DR: The physics of aeolian saltation, the formation and development of sand dunes and ripples, the physics of dust aerosol emission, the weather phenomena that trigger dust storms, and the lifting of dust by dust devils and other small-scale vortices are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global Scale Attribution of Anthropogenic and Natural Dust Sources and their Emission Rates Based on MODIS Deep Blue Aerosol Products
TL;DR: In this article, a global-scale high-resolution (0.1°) mapping of sources based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue estimates of dust optical depth in conjunction with other data sets including land use is presented.
References
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