Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization
Veronika Eyring,Sandrine Bony,Gerald A. Meehl,Catherine A. Senior,Bjorn Stevens,Ronald J. Stouffer,Karl E. Taylor +6 more
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In this article, the authors present the background and rationale for the new structure of CMIP, provides a detailed description of the DECK and CMIP6 historical simulations, and includes a brief introduction to the 21-CMIP6-Endorsed MIPs.Abstract:
. By coordinating the design and distribution of global climate model simulations of the past, current, and future climate, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) has become one of the foundational elements of climate science. However, the need to address an ever-expanding range of scientific questions arising from more and more research communities has made it necessary to revise the organization of CMIP. After a long and wide community consultation, a new and more federated structure has been put in place. It consists of three major elements: (1) a handful of common experiments, the DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima) and CMIP historical simulations (1850–near present) that will maintain continuity and help document basic characteristics of models across different phases of CMIP; (2) common standards, coordination, infrastructure, and documentation that will facilitate the distribution of model outputs and the characterization of the model ensemble; and (3) an ensemble of CMIP-Endorsed Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs) that will be specific to a particular phase of CMIP (now CMIP6) and that will build on the DECK and CMIP historical simulations to address a large range of specific questions and fill the scientific gaps of the previous CMIP phases. The DECK and CMIP historical simulations, together with the use of CMIP data standards, will be the entry cards for models participating in CMIP. Participation in CMIP6-Endorsed MIPs by individual modelling groups will be at their own discretion and will depend on their scientific interests and priorities. With the Grand Science Challenges of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) as its scientific backdrop, CMIP6 will address three broad questions: – How does the Earth system respond to forcing? – What are the origins and consequences of systematic model biases? – How can we assess future climate changes given internal climate variability, predictability, and uncertainties in scenarios? This CMIP6 overview paper presents the background and rationale for the new structure of CMIP, provides a detailed description of the DECK and CMIP6 historical simulations, and includes a brief introduction to the 21 CMIP6-Endorsed MIPs.read more
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The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and their energy, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions implications: An overview
Keywan Riahi,Detlef P. van Vuuren,Elmar Kriegler,Jae Edmonds,Brian C. O'Neill,Shinichiro Fujimori,Nico Bauer,Katherine Calvin,Rob Dellink,Oliver Fricko,Wolfgang Lutz,Alexander Popp,Jesus Crespo Cuaresma,Samir Kc,Samir Kc,Marian Leimbach,Leiwen Jiang,Tom Kram,Shilpa Rao,Johannes Emmerling,Kristie L. Ebi,Tomoko Hasegawa,Petr Havlik,Florian Humpenöder,Lara Aleluia Da Silva,Steve Smith,Elke Stehfest,Valentina Bosetti,Valentina Bosetti,Jiyong Eom,Jiyong Eom,David E.H.J. Gernaat,Toshihiko Masui,Joeri Rogelj,Jessica Strefler,Laurent Drouet,Volker Krey,Gunnar Luderer,Mathijs Harmsen,Kiyoshi Takahashi,Lavinia Baumstark,Jonathan C. Doelman,Mikiko Kainuma,Zbigniew Klimont,Giacomo Marangoni,Hermann Lotze-Campen,Hermann Lotze-Campen,Michael Obersteiner,Andrzej Tabeau,Massimo Tavoni,Massimo Tavoni +50 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the overview of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and their energy, land use, and emissions implications, and find that associated costs strongly depend on three factors: (1) the policy assumptions, (2) the socioeconomic narrative, and (3) the stringency of the target.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global Carbon Budget 2020
Pierre Friedlingstein,Pierre Friedlingstein,Michael O'Sullivan,Matthew W. Jones,Robbie M. Andrew,Judith Hauck,Are Olsen,Glen P. Peters,Wouter Peters,Wouter Peters,Julia Pongratz,Julia Pongratz,Stephen Sitch,Corinne Le Quéré,Josep G. Canadell,Philippe Ciais,Robert B. Jackson,Simone R. Alin,Luiz E. O. C. Aragão,Luiz E. O. C. Aragão,Almut Arneth,Vivek K. Arora,Nicholas R. Bates,Nicholas R. Bates,Meike Becker,Alice Benoit-Cattin,Henry C. Bittig,Laurent Bopp,Selma Bultan,Naveen Chandra,Naveen Chandra,Frédéric Chevallier,Louise Chini,Wiley Evans,Liesbeth Florentie,Piers M. Forster,Thomas Gasser,Marion Gehlen,Dennis Gilfillan,Thanos Gkritzalis,Luke Gregor,Nicolas Gruber,Ian Harris,Kerstin Hartung,Kerstin Hartung,Vanessa Haverd,Richard A. Houghton,Tatiana Ilyina,Atul K. Jain,Emilie Joetzjer,Koji Kadono,Etsushi Kato,Vassilis Kitidis,Jan Ivar Korsbakken,Peter Landschützer,Nathalie Lefèvre,Andrew Lenton,Sebastian Lienert,Zhu Liu,Danica Lombardozzi,Gregg Marland,Nicolas Metzl,David R. Munro,David R. Munro,Julia E. M. S. Nabel,S. Nakaoka,Yosuke Niwa,Kevin D. O'Brien,Kevin D. O'Brien,Tsuneo Ono,Paul I. Palmer,Denis Pierrot,Benjamin Poulter,Laure Resplandy,Eddy Robertson,Christian Rödenbeck,Jörg Schwinger,Roland Séférian,Ingunn Skjelvan,Adam J. P. Smith,Adrienne J. Sutton,Toste Tanhua,Pieter P. Tans,Hanqin Tian,Bronte Tilbrook,Bronte Tilbrook,Guido R. van der Werf,N. Vuichard,Anthony P. Walker,Rik Wanninkhof,Andrew J. Watson,David R. Willis,Andy Wiltshire,Wenping Yuan,Xu Yue,Sönke Zaehle +95 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe and synthesize data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties, including emissions from land use and land-use change data and bookkeeping models.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) for CMIP6
Brian C. O'Neill,Claudia Tebaldi,Detlef P. van Vuuren,Detlef P. van Vuuren,Veronika Eyring,Pierre Friedlingstein,George C. Hurtt,Reto Knutti,Elmar Kriegler,Jean-Francois Lamarque,Jason Lowe,Gerald A. Meehl,Richard H. Moss,Keywan Riahi,Keywan Riahi,Benjamin M. Sanderson +15 more
TL;DR: The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) as discussed by the authors is the primary activity within Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Comparison Project (CMIP6) that will provide multi-model climate projections based on alternative scenarios of future emissions and land use changes produced with integrated assessment models.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2)
Gokhan Danabasoglu,Jean-Francois Lamarque,Julio T. Bacmeister,David A. Bailey,Alice K. DuVivier,Jim Edwards,Louisa K. Emmons,John T. Fasullo,Rolando R. Garcia,Andrew Gettelman,Cecile Hannay,Marika M. Holland,William G. Large,Peter H. Lauritzen,David M. Lawrence,Jan T. M. Lenaerts,Keith Lindsay,William H. Lipscomb,Michael J. Mills,Richard Neale,Keith W. Oleson,Bette L. Otto-Bliesner,Adam S. Phillips,William J. Sacks,Simone Tilmes,L. van Kampenhout,Mariana Vertenstein,Alice Bertini,John M. Dennis,Clara Deser,Christopher Fischer,B. Fox-Kemper,Jennifer E. Kay,Douglas E. Kinnison,Paul J. Kushner,Vincent E. Larson,Matthew C. Long,Sheri Mickelson,J. K. Moore,Eric Nienhouse,Lorenzo M. Polvani,Philip J. Rasch,Warren G. Strand +42 more
TL;DR: The Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) as discussed by the authors is the most recent version of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMEI) coupled model.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 7.0/7.1 and JULES Global Land 7.0 configurations
David N. Walters,Anthony J. Baran,Anthony J. Baran,Ian A. Boutle,M. E. Brooks,Paul Earnshaw,John M. Edwards,Kalli Furtado,Peter Hill,Adrian Lock,James Manners,Cyril J. Morcrette,Jane Mulcahy,Claudio Sanchez,Chris Smith,Rachel Stratton,Warren Tennant,Lorenzo Tomassini,Kwinten Van Weverberg,Simon Vosper,Martin Willett,J. Browse,Andrew C. Bushell,Kenneth S. Carslaw,Mohit Dalvi,Richard Essery,Nicola Gedney,Steven C. Hardiman,Ben Johnson,Colin E. Johnson,Andrew Jones,Colin Jones,Graham Mann,Sean Milton,Heather Rumbold,Alistair Sellar,Masashi Ujiie,Michael Whitall,Keith D. Williams,M. Zerroukat +39 more
TL;DR: The Global Atmosphere 3.0 (GA3.0) as mentioned in this paper is a configuration of the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) developed for use across climate research and weather prediction activities.
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