Journal ArticleDOI
Predominant TH2-like bronchoalveolar T-lymphocyte population in atopic asthma
Douglas S. Robinson,Qutayba Hamid,Sun Ying,Anne Tsicopoulos,J. Barkans,Andrew Bentley,Christopher Corrigan,Stephen R. Durham,A. B. Kay +8 more
TLDR
Atopic asthma is associated with activation in the bronchi of the interleukin-3, 4, and 5 and GM-CSF gene cluster, a pattern compatible with predominant activation of the TH2-like T-cell population.Abstract:
Background. In atopic asthma, activated T helper lymphocytes are present in bronchial-biopsy specimens and bronchoalveolar-lavage (BAL) fluid, and their production of cytokines may be important in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Different patterns of cytokine release are characteristic of certain subgroups of T helper cells, termed TH1 and TH2, the former mediating delayed-type hypersensitivity and the latter mediating IgE synthesis and eosinophilia. The pattern of cytokine production in atopic asthma is unknown. Methods. We assessed cells obtained by BAL in subjects with mild atopic asthma and in normal control subjects for the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for interleukin-2, 3, 4, and 5, granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interferon gamma by in situ hybridization with 32P-labeled complementary RNA. Localization of mRNA to BAL T cells was assessed by simultaneous in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence and by in situ hybridization after immunomagnetic enrichment or...read more
Citations
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Prostaglandin D2 Selectively Induces Chemotaxis in T Helper Type 2 Cells, Eosinophils, and Basophils via Seven-Transmembrane Receptor Crth2
Hiroyuki Hirai,Kazuya Tanaka,Osamu Yoshie,Kazuyuki Ogawa,Kazumi Kenmotsu,Yasushi Takamori,Michiko Ichimasa,Kazuo Sugamura,Masataka Nakamura,Shoichi Takano,Kinya Nagata +10 more
TL;DR: It is shown that a seven-transmembrane receptor, CRTH2, which is preferentially expressed in T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, eosinophils, and basophils in humans, serves as the novel receptor for PGD2.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunotherapeutic uses of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides
TL;DR: Ongoing clinical studies indicate that CpG ODN use is safe in humans, and that they modulate the immune response to co-administered allergens and vaccines.
Journal ArticleDOI
Asthma: Mechanisms of Disease Persistence and Progression
TL;DR: Human and animal data are reviewed detailing the cellular and molecular interactions in established allergic asthma that promote persistent disease, amplify inflammation, and, in turn, cause disease progression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interleukin-4, -5, and -6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal and asthmatic airways: evidence for the human mast cell as a source of these cytokines.
Peter Bradding,June Roberts,KM Britten,Stephen Montefort,Ratko Djukanovic,R Mueller,C H Heusser,Peter H. Howarth,Stephen T. Holgate +8 more
TL;DR: Human mast cells are identified as a source of IL-4,IL-5, IL-6, and TNF-alpha and add to the view that, along with T cells, mast cells may play an important role in initiating and maintaining the inflammatory response in asthma.
Journal ArticleDOI
Eosinophil's Role Remains Uncertain as Anti–Interleukin-5 only Partially Depletes Numbers in Asthmatic Airway
TL;DR: Anti-IL-5 treatment reduces but does not deplete airway or bone marrow eosinophils and their products, and there were no significant changes in clinical measures of asthma between the mepolizumab and placebo-treated groups.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
Journal Article
Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins.
TL;DR: A panel of antigen-specific mouse helper T cell clones was characterized according to patterns of lymphokine activity production, and two types of T cell were distinguished.
Journal Article
IL-4 directs the development of Th2-like helper effectors.
TL;DR: The concept that different subsets of helper cells, which correspond roughly to Th1 and Th2 subsets, can develop rapidly in short term culture with respectively low vs high levels of IL-4 support the concept that such distinct phenotypes arise from alternate pathways of differentiation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Homology of cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (IL-10) to the Epstein-Barr virus gene BCRFI.
Kevin W. Moore,Paulo Vieira,David Fiorentino,Mary L. Trounstine,Tariq A. Khan,Tim R. Mosmann +5 more
TL;DR: The predicted protein sequence shows extensive homology with an uncharacterized open reading frame, BCRFI, in the Epstein-Barr virus genome, suggesting the possibility that this herpes virus exploits the biological activity of a captured cytokine gene to enhance its survival in the host.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mast cell lines produce lymphokines in response to cross-linkage of Fc epsilon RI or to calcium ionophores.
Marshall Plaut,Jacalyn H. Pierce,Cynthia J. Watson,J. Hanley-Hyde,Richard P. Nordan,William E. Paul +5 more
TL;DR: It is shown that cross-linkage of FcεRI on a series of non-transformed murine mast cell lines, or treatment of these cells with calcium ionophores, stimulates increased messenger RNA levels and secretion of a group of lymphokines classically produced by a subset of murine T cell lines (TH2cells).