Journal ArticleDOI
Predominant TH2-like bronchoalveolar T-lymphocyte population in atopic asthma
Douglas S. Robinson,Qutayba Hamid,Sun Ying,Anne Tsicopoulos,J. Barkans,Andrew Bentley,Christopher Corrigan,Stephen R. Durham,A. B. Kay +8 more
TLDR
Atopic asthma is associated with activation in the bronchi of the interleukin-3, 4, and 5 and GM-CSF gene cluster, a pattern compatible with predominant activation of the TH2-like T-cell population.Abstract:
Background. In atopic asthma, activated T helper lymphocytes are present in bronchial-biopsy specimens and bronchoalveolar-lavage (BAL) fluid, and their production of cytokines may be important in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Different patterns of cytokine release are characteristic of certain subgroups of T helper cells, termed TH1 and TH2, the former mediating delayed-type hypersensitivity and the latter mediating IgE synthesis and eosinophilia. The pattern of cytokine production in atopic asthma is unknown. Methods. We assessed cells obtained by BAL in subjects with mild atopic asthma and in normal control subjects for the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for interleukin-2, 3, 4, and 5, granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interferon gamma by in situ hybridization with 32P-labeled complementary RNA. Localization of mRNA to BAL T cells was assessed by simultaneous in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence and by in situ hybridization after immunomagnetic enrichment or...read more
Citations
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Blockade of CD49d (alpha4 integrin) on intrapulmonary but not circulating leukocytes inhibits airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of asthma.
William R. Henderson,Emil Y. Chi,Richard K. Albert,Shi Jye Chu,Wayne J. E. Lamm,Yvan Rochon,Mechthild Jonas,Pandora E. Christie,John M. Harlan +8 more
TL;DR: In this asthma model, a CD49d-positive intrapulmonary leukocyte distinct from the eosinophil is the key effector cell of allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation and hyperresponsiveness.
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An overview of inflammation: mechanism and consequences
TL;DR: Alterations in inflammatory responses due to persistent inducers or genetic variations are on the rise over the last couple of decades, causing a variety of inflammatory diseases and pathophysiological conditions.
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Interleukin-13 upregulates eotaxin expression in airway epithelial cells by a STAT6-dependent mechanism.
Satoshi Matsukura,Cristiana Stellato,Steve N. Georas,Vincenzo Casolaro,James R. Plitt,Katsushi Miura,Shin Kurosawa,Ulrike Schindler,Robert P. Schleimer +8 more
TL;DR: It is found that IL-13 upregulated eotaxin messenger RNA and protein synthesis in the airway epithelial cell line BEAS-2B and that STAT6 plays a pivotal role in this response.
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Cytokine induction in pulmonary airways of horses with heaves and effect of therapy with inhaled fluticasone propionate.
TL;DR: The clinical efficacy of inhaled fluticasone propionate for the treatment of heaves is demonstrated and a role for cytokines in the development of lower airway inflammation in heaves-susceptible horses is suggested.
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Inhibition of programmed eosinophil death: a key pathogenic event for eosinophilia?
Hans-Uwe Simon,Kurt Blaser +1 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that defects in this process may contribute to the eosinophilia that is a factor of allergic disease.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
Journal Article
Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins.
TL;DR: A panel of antigen-specific mouse helper T cell clones was characterized according to patterns of lymphokine activity production, and two types of T cell were distinguished.
Journal Article
IL-4 directs the development of Th2-like helper effectors.
TL;DR: The concept that different subsets of helper cells, which correspond roughly to Th1 and Th2 subsets, can develop rapidly in short term culture with respectively low vs high levels of IL-4 support the concept that such distinct phenotypes arise from alternate pathways of differentiation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Homology of cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (IL-10) to the Epstein-Barr virus gene BCRFI.
Kevin W. Moore,Paulo Vieira,David Fiorentino,Mary L. Trounstine,Tariq A. Khan,Tim R. Mosmann +5 more
TL;DR: The predicted protein sequence shows extensive homology with an uncharacterized open reading frame, BCRFI, in the Epstein-Barr virus genome, suggesting the possibility that this herpes virus exploits the biological activity of a captured cytokine gene to enhance its survival in the host.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mast cell lines produce lymphokines in response to cross-linkage of Fc epsilon RI or to calcium ionophores.
Marshall Plaut,Jacalyn H. Pierce,Cynthia J. Watson,J. Hanley-Hyde,Richard P. Nordan,William E. Paul +5 more
TL;DR: It is shown that cross-linkage of FcεRI on a series of non-transformed murine mast cell lines, or treatment of these cells with calcium ionophores, stimulates increased messenger RNA levels and secretion of a group of lymphokines classically produced by a subset of murine T cell lines (TH2cells).