Recovery of large carnivores in Europe’s modern human-dominated landscapes
Guillaume Chapron,Petra Kaczensky,John D. C. Linnell,Manuela von Arx,Djuro Huber,Henrik Andrén,José Vicente López-Bao,José Vicente López-Bao,Michal Adamec,Francisco Álvares,Ole Anders,Linas Balčiauskas,Vaidas Balys,Péter Bedő,Ferdinand Bego,Juan Carlos Blanco,Urs Breitenmoser,Urs Breitenmoser,Henrik Brøseth,Luděk Bufka,Raimonda Bunikyte,Paolo Ciucci,Alexander Dutsov,Thomas Engleder,Christian Fuxjäger,Claudio Groff,Katja Holmala,Bledi Hoxha,Yorgos Iliopoulos,Ovidiu Ionescu,Ovidiu Ionescu,Jasna Jeremić,Klemen Jerina,Gesa Kluth,Felix Knauer,Ilpo Kojola,Ivan Kos,Miha Krofel,Jakub Kubala,Saša Kunovac,Josip Kusak,Miroslav Kutal,Miroslav Kutal,Olof Liberg,Aleksandra Majić,Peep Männil,Ralph Manz,Eric Marboutin,Francesca Marucco,Dime Melovski,Kujtim Mersini,Yorgos Mertzanis,Robert W. Mysłajek,Sabina Nowak,John Odden,Janis Ozolins,Guillermo Palomero,Milan Paunović,Jens Persson,Hubert Potočnik,Pierre-Yves Quenette,Georg Rauer,Ilka Reinhardt,Robin Rigg,Andreas Ryser,Valeria Salvatori,Tomaž Skrbinšek,Aleksandar Stojanov,Jon E. Swenson,László Szemethy,Aleksandër Trajçe,Elena Tsingarska-Sedefcheva,Martin Váňa,Rauno Veeroja,Petter Wabakken,Manfred Wölfl,Sybille Wölfl,Fridolin Zimmermann,Diana Zlatanova,Luigi Boitani +79 more
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TLDR
It is shown that roughly one-third of mainland Europe hosts at least one large carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance in most cases in 21st-century records, and coexistence alongside humans has become possible, argue the authors.Abstract:
The conservation of large carnivores is a formidable challenge for biodiversity conservation. Using a data set on the past and current status of brown bears (Ursus arctos), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and wolverines (Gulo gulo) in European countries, we show that roughly one-third of mainland Europe hosts at least one large carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance in most cases in 21st-century records. The reasons for this overall conservation success include protective legislation, supportive public opinion, and a variety of practices making coexistence between large carnivores and people possible. The European situation reveals that large carnivores and people can share the same landscape.read more
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Food habits of the world's grey wolves
Thomas M. Newsome,Thomas M. Newsome,Thomas M. Newsome,Luigi Boitani,Guillaume Chapron,Paolo Ciucci,Chris R. Dickman,Justin A. Dellinger,José Vicente López-Bao,Rolf O. Peterson,Carolyn R. Shores,Aaron J. Wirsing,William J. Ripple +12 more
TL;DR: No evidence is found that grey wolf dietary diversity varies globally, although the results from southern Europe suggest that grey wolves may switch their diets away from domestic species if more wild ungulates are available, and the diversity of prey consumed by grey wolves shows that the species is capable of surviving dramatic anthropogenic upheaval.
Journal ArticleDOI
Border Security Fencing and Wildlife: The End of the Transboundary Paradigm in Eurasia?
John D. C. Linnell,Arie Trouwborst,Luigi Boitani,Petra Kaczensky,Djuro Huber,Slaven Reljić,Josip Kusak,Aleksandra Majić,Tomaz Skrbinsek,Hubert Potočnik,Matt W. Hayward,E. J. Milner-Gulland,Bayarbaatar Buuveibaatar,Kirk A. Olson,Lkhagvasuren Badamjav,Richard Bischof,Steffen Zuther,Urs Breitenmoser +17 more
TL;DR: The extent of the issue and concrete mitigation measures are proposed to reduce effective population size and cause mortality and obstruct access to seasonally important resources.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sparing land for biodiversity at multiple spatial scales
Johan Ekroos,Anja Madelen Ödman,Georg K.S. Andersson,Klaus Birkhofer,Lina Herbertsson,Björn K. Klatt,Ola Olsson,Pål Axel Olsson,Anna Persson,Honor C. Prentice,Maj Rundlöf,Henrik G. Smith +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that there is no single correct spatial scale for segregating biodiversity protection and commodity production in multifunctional landscapes, and propose an alternative conceptual construct, which they call "multiple-scale land sparing", targeting biodiversity and ecosystem services in transformed landscapes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Wildlife population trends in protected areas predicted by national socio-economic metrics and body size.
Megan Barnes,Ian D. Craigie,Luke B. Harrison,Jonas Geldmann,Jonas Geldmann,Ben Collen,Sarah Whitmee,Andrew Balmford,Neil D. Burgess,Neil D. Burgess,Thomas M. Brooks,Thomas M. Brooks,Thomas M. Brooks,Marc Hockings,Marc Hockings,Marc Hockings,Stephen Woodley +16 more
TL;DR: On an average, PAs are maintaining populations of monitored birds and mammals within their boundaries, and wildlife population trends are more positive in PAs located in countries with higher development scores, and for larger-bodied species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fear of the human “super predator” far exceeds the fear of large carnivores in a model mesocarnivore
Michael Clinchy,Liana Zanette,Devin Roberts,Justin P. Suraci,Christina D. Buesching,Chris Newman,David W. Macdonald +6 more
TL;DR: Test results indicate fear of humans evidently cannot substitute for the fear large carnivores inspire in mesocarnivores because humans are perceived as far more frightening, which is discussed in light of the recovery of large carnivore in human-dominated landscapes.
References
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William J. Ripple,James A. Estes,Robert L. Beschta,Christopher C. Wilmers,Euan G. Ritchie,Mark Hebblewhite,Joel Berger,Bodil Elmhagen,Mike Letnic,Michael Paul Nelson,Oswald J. Schmitz,Douglas W. Smith,Arian D. Wallach,Aaron J. Wirsing +13 more
TL;DR: The status, threats, and ecological importance of the 31 largest mammalian carnivores globally are reviewed and a Global Large Carnivore Initiative is proposed to coordinate local, national, and international research, conservation, and policy.
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Edge Effects and the Extinction of Populations Inside Protected Areas
TL;DR: The species most likely to disappear from small reserves are those that range widely-and are therefore most exposed to threats on reserve borders-irrespective of population size, so that border areas represent population sinks.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human-Carnivore Conflict and Perspectives on Carnivore Management Worldwide
Adrian Treves,K. Ullas Karanth +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors anticipate greater success in modifying the manner and frequency with which the activities of humans and domestic animals intersect with those of carnivores, which should permit carnivore populations to persist for decades despite human population growth and modification of habitat.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reconciling Food Production and Biodiversity Conservation: Land Sharing and Land Sparing Compared
TL;DR: Compared crop yields and densities of bird and tree species across gradients of agricultural intensity in southwest Ghana and northern India, land sparing is a more promising strategy for minimizing negative impacts of food production, at both current and anticipated future levels of production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rewilding Abandoned Landscapes in Europe
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the perceptions of traditional agriculture in Europe and their influence in land management policies and argue that, contrary to the common perception, traditional agriculture practices were not environmentally friendly and that the standards of living of rural populations were low.
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