Recovery of large carnivores in Europe’s modern human-dominated landscapes
Guillaume Chapron,Petra Kaczensky,John D. C. Linnell,Manuela von Arx,Djuro Huber,Henrik Andrén,José Vicente López-Bao,José Vicente López-Bao,Michal Adamec,Francisco Álvares,Ole Anders,Linas Balčiauskas,Vaidas Balys,Péter Bedő,Ferdinand Bego,Juan Carlos Blanco,Urs Breitenmoser,Urs Breitenmoser,Henrik Brøseth,Luděk Bufka,Raimonda Bunikyte,Paolo Ciucci,Alexander Dutsov,Thomas Engleder,Christian Fuxjäger,Claudio Groff,Katja Holmala,Bledi Hoxha,Yorgos Iliopoulos,Ovidiu Ionescu,Ovidiu Ionescu,Jasna Jeremić,Klemen Jerina,Gesa Kluth,Felix Knauer,Ilpo Kojola,Ivan Kos,Miha Krofel,Jakub Kubala,Saša Kunovac,Josip Kusak,Miroslav Kutal,Miroslav Kutal,Olof Liberg,Aleksandra Majić,Peep Männil,Ralph Manz,Eric Marboutin,Francesca Marucco,Dime Melovski,Kujtim Mersini,Yorgos Mertzanis,Robert W. Mysłajek,Sabina Nowak,John Odden,Janis Ozolins,Guillermo Palomero,Milan Paunović,Jens Persson,Hubert Potočnik,Pierre-Yves Quenette,Georg Rauer,Ilka Reinhardt,Robin Rigg,Andreas Ryser,Valeria Salvatori,Tomaž Skrbinšek,Aleksandar Stojanov,Jon E. Swenson,László Szemethy,Aleksandër Trajçe,Elena Tsingarska-Sedefcheva,Martin Váňa,Rauno Veeroja,Petter Wabakken,Manfred Wölfl,Sybille Wölfl,Fridolin Zimmermann,Diana Zlatanova,Luigi Boitani +79 more
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TLDR
It is shown that roughly one-third of mainland Europe hosts at least one large carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance in most cases in 21st-century records, and coexistence alongside humans has become possible, argue the authors.Abstract:
The conservation of large carnivores is a formidable challenge for biodiversity conservation. Using a data set on the past and current status of brown bears (Ursus arctos), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and wolverines (Gulo gulo) in European countries, we show that roughly one-third of mainland Europe hosts at least one large carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance in most cases in 21st-century records. The reasons for this overall conservation success include protective legislation, supportive public opinion, and a variety of practices making coexistence between large carnivores and people possible. The European situation reveals that large carnivores and people can share the same landscape.read more
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Landscapes that work for biodiversity and people
TL;DR: Biodiversity-based techniques can be used to manage most human-modified lands as “working landscapes” and ensure that the production of food, fiber, fuel, and timber can be sustained over the long run and be more resilient to extreme events.
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Biodiversity losses and conservation responses in the Anthropocene.
Christopher N. Johnson,Andrew Balmford,Barry W. Brook,Jessie C. Buettel,Mauro Galetti,Lei Guangchun,Janet M. Wilmshurst,Janet M. Wilmshurst +7 more
TL;DR: Many examples of conservation success show that losses can be halted and even reversed, and building on these lessons to turn the tide of biodiversity loss will require bold and innovative action to transform historical relationships between human populations and nature.
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Human–Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize and synthesize factors that contribute to conflict, approaches that mitigate conflict and encourage coexistence, and emerging trends and debates in the field of conservation and coexistence.
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Science for a wilder Anthropocene: Synthesis and future directions for trophic rewilding research
Jens-Christian Svenning,Pil Birkefeldt Møller Pedersen,C. Josh Donlan,Rasmus Ejrnæs,Søren Faurby,Mauro Galetti,Dennis M. Hansen,Brody Sandel,Christopher J. Sandom,John Terborgh,Frans W M Vera +10 more
TL;DR: A synthesis of its current scientific basis is provided, highlighting trophic cascades as the key conceptual framework, discussing the main lessons learned from ongoing rewilding projects, systematically reviewing the current literature, and highlighting unintentional re wilding and spontaneous wildlife comebacks as underused sources of information.
Journal ArticleDOI
Co-Adaptation Is Key to Coexisting with Large Carnivores
TL;DR: This work provides a comprehensive conceptualization of coexistence in which mutual adaptations by both large carnivores and humans have a central role and helps to integrate large carnivore species into multi-use landscapes outside protected areas.
References
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Population dynamics (1869–1994), demography, and home ranges of the lynx in Bialowieza Primeval Forest (Poland and Belarus)
Włodzimierz Jędrzejewski,Bogumiła Jędrzejewska,Henryk Okarma,Krzysztof Schmidt,Aleksei N. Bunevich,Lech Miłkowski +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the population dynamics, demography and home ranges of the Eurasian lynx in Bialowieza Primeval Forest (BPF, 1250 km 2 ), the best preserved mixed and deciduous forest in the lowlands of Europe.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sustainably Harvesting a Large Carnivore? Development of Eurasian Lynx Populations in Norway During 160 Years of Shifting Policy
TL;DR: An adaptive management approach where quota setting is based on an annual census is described and it is concluded that adaptive management has the potential to keep the population within some bounded limits, although there will inevitably be fluctuation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Home range size variation in a recovering wolf population: evaluating the effect of environmental, demographic, and social factors
Jenny Mattisson,Håkan Sand,Petter Wabakken,Vincenzo Gervasi,Olof Liberg,John D. C. Linnell,Geir Rune Rauset,Hans Christian Pedersen +7 more
TL;DR: Long-term telemetry-location data from a recovering wolf population in Scandinavia is used to investigate variation in home range size in relation to environmental and social characteristics of the different packs, and suggests that there is a correlation between habitat characteristics, choice of prey species and possible hunting success, which currently combine to shape home rangesize in Scandinavian wolves.
Journal ArticleDOI
Wolf survival and population trend using non-invasive capture-recapture techniques in the Western Alps
Francesca Marucco,Daniel H. Pletscher,Luigi Boitani,Michael K. Schwartz,Kristy L. Pilgrim,Jean-Dominique Lebreton +5 more
TL;DR: A new method to assess large carnivore population trend and survival at large spatial scales is successfully implemented for wolves in Italy and in the Alps and can be widely applied to broader spatial and temporal scales for other elusive and wide-ranging species in Europe and elsewhere.
Book
Carnivore Ecology and Conservation: A Handbook of Techniques
Luigi Boitani,Roger A. Powell +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of carnivore surveys and a monitoring plan for carnivore habitat ecology, and investigate the cause-specific mortality and diseases in carnivores.
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