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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Role of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in cardiac injury and repair

TLDR
The role of theimmune system in cardiovascular disease is summarized, focusing on the idea that the immune system evolved to promote tissue homeostasis following injury and/or infection, and that the inherent cost of this evolutionary development is unwanted inflammatory damage.
Abstract
Despite the advances that have been made in developing new therapeutics, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of worldwide mortality. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular tissue injury and repair is of prime importance. Following cardiac tissue injury, the immune system has an important and complex role in driving both the acute inflammatory response and the regenerative response. This Review summarizes the role of the immune system in cardiovascular disease - focusing on the idea that the immune system evolved to promote tissue homeostasis following injury and/or infection, and that the inherent cost of this evolutionary development is unwanted inflammatory damage.

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TL;DR: Persistent immune activation in predisposed patients, such as the elderly and those with CV risk, can lead to hemophagocytosis like syndrome, with uncontrolled amplification of cytokine production, leading to multi-organ failure and death.
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Chronic Heart Failure and Inflammation: What Do We Really Know?

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ACE-inhibition induces a cardioprotective transcriptional response in the metabolic syndrome heart

TL;DR: It is concluded that MetS and control murine hearts have unique transcriptional profiles and exhibit a partially specific transcriptional response to ACE-inhibition, which appears to counteract some of the MetS-specific pathways, while also activating cardioprotective mechanisms.
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Cardioimmunology: the immune system in cardiac homeostasis and disease

TL;DR: The role of immune cells in cardiac development and physiological function, as well as heart disease, is explored in both homeostatic and perturbed conditions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Rafael Lozano, +195 more
- 15 Dec 2012 - 
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 aimed to estimate annual deaths for the world and 21 regions between 1980 and 2010 for 235 causes, with uncertainty intervals (UIs), separately by age and sex, using the Cause of Death Ensemble model.
Journal ArticleDOI

Pattern Recognition Receptors and Inflammation

TL;DR: The role of PRRs, their signaling pathways, and how they control inflammatory responses are discussed.
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Tolerance, danger, and the extended family.

TL;DR: The possibility that the immune system does not care about self and non-self, that its primary driving force is the need to detect and protect against danger, and that it does not do the job alone, but receives positive and negative communications from an extended network of other bodily tissues is discussed.
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