Salt-responsive gut commensal modulates TH17 axis and disease
Nicola Wilck,Mariana Matus,Sean M. Kearney,Scott W. Olesen,Kristoffer Forslund,Hendrik Bartolomaeus,Stefanie Haase,Anja Mähler,András Balogh,Lajos Markó,Olga Vvedenskaya,Olga Vvedenskaya,Friedrich H. Kleiner,Dmitry Tsvetkov,Dmitry Tsvetkov,Lars Klug,Paul I. Costea,Shinichi Sunagawa,Lisa A. Maier,Natalia Rakova,Natalia Rakova,Valentin Schatz,Patrick Neubert,Christian Frätzer,Alexander Krannich,Maik Gollasch,Maik Gollasch,Diana A. Grohme,Beatriz F. Côrte-Real,Roman G. Gerlach,Marijana Basic,Athanasios Typas,Chuan Wu,Jens Titze,Jonathan Jantsch,Michael Boschmann,Ralf Dechend,Ralf Dechend,Markus Kleinewietfeld,Markus Kleinewietfeld,Stefan Kempa,Peer Bork,Ralf A. Linker,Eric J. Alm,Dominik Müller +44 more
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TLDR
This paper showed that high salt intake affects the gut microbiome in mice, particularly by depleting Lactobacillus murinus, and treatment of mice with L. murinus prevented salt-induced aggravation of actively induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and salt-sensitive hypertension by modulating T helper 17 (TH17) cells.Abstract:
A Western lifestyle with high salt consumption can lead to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. High salt may additionally drive autoimmunity by inducing T helper 17 (TH17) cells, which can also contribute to hypertension. Induction of TH17 cells depends on gut microbiota; however, the effect of salt on the gut microbiome is unknown. Here we show that high salt intake affects the gut microbiome in mice, particularly by depleting Lactobacillus murinus. Consequently, treatment of mice with L. murinus prevented salt-induced aggravation of actively induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and salt-sensitive hypertension by modulating TH17 cells. In line with these findings, a moderate high-salt challenge in a pilot study in humans reduced intestinal survival of Lactobacillus spp., increased TH17 cells and increased blood pressure. Our results connect high salt intake to the gut-immune axis and highlight the gut microbiome as a potential therapeutic target to counteract salt-sensitive conditions.read more
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The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis
John F. Cryan,Kenneth J. O’Riordan,Caitlin S. M. Cowan,Kiran V. Sandhu,Thomaz F.S. Bastiaanssen,Marcus Boehme,Martín Gabriel Codagnone,Sofia Cussotto,Christine Fülling,Anna V. Golubeva,Katherine E. Guzzetta,Minal Jaggar,Caitriona M. Long-Smith,Joshua M. Lyte,Jason A. Martin,Alicia Molinero-Perez,Gerard M. Moloney,Emanuela Morelli,Enrique Morillas,Rory C. O'Connor,Joana S Cruz-Pereira,Veronica L. Peterson,Kieran Rea,Nathaniel L. Ritz,Eoin Sherwin,Simon Spichak,Emily M. Teichman,Marcel van de Wouw,Ana Paula Ventura-Silva,Shauna E. Wallace-Fitzsimons,Niall P. Hyland,Gerard Clarke,Timothy G. Dinan +32 more
TL;DR: Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial tryptophan catabolites in health and disease
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review emerging data suggesting that microbial tryptophan catabolites resulting from proteolysis are influencing host health and suggest that these metabolites activate the immune system through binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), enhance the intestinal epithelial barrier, stimulate gastrointestinal motility, as well as secretion of gut hormones, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative or toxic effects in systemic circulation, and putatively modulate gut microbial composition.
Journal ArticleDOI
The gut microbiota at the intersection of diet and human health
TL;DR: Diet is a key component of the relationship between humans and their microbial residents; gut microbes use ingested nutrients for fundamental biological processes, and the metabolic outputs of those processes may have important impacts on human physiology.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Human Gut Microbiome: From Association to Modulation
TL;DR: The type of studies that will be essential for translating microbiome research into targeted modulations with dedicated benefits for the human host are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exercise benefits in cardiovascular disease: beyond attenuation of traditional risk factors
Carmen Fiuza-Luces,Alejandro Santos-Lozano,Michael J. Joyner,Pedro Carrera-Bastos,Oscar Picazo,José L. Zugaza,José L. Zugaza,Mikel Izquierdo,Luis M. Ruilope,Alejandro Lucia +9 more
TL;DR: It is argued that a holistic view of all body systems is necessary and useful when analysing the role of exercise in cardiovascular health and the benefits of regular exercise extend beyond its effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.
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