Subepithelial telocytes are an important source of Wnts that supports intestinal crypts
Michal Shoshkes-Carmel,Yue J. Wang,Kirk J. Wangensteen,Beáta Tóth,Ayano Kondo,Efi E. Massasa,Shalev Itzkovitz,Klaus H. Kaestner +7 more
TLDR
Subepithelial telocytes are identified as a source of Wnt signals that enable proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells, an essential function for maintenance of the intestinal epithelium.Abstract:
Tissues that undergo rapid cellular turnover, such as the mammalian haematopoietic system or the intestinal epithelium, are dependent on stem and progenitor cells that proliferate to provide differentiated cells to maintain organismal health. Stem and progenitor cells, in turn, are thought to rely on signals and growth factors provided by local niche cells to support their function and self-renewal. Several cell types have been hypothesized to provide the signals required for the proliferation and differentiation of the intestinal stem cells in intestinal crypts1-6. Here we identify subepithelial telocytes as an important source of Wnt proteins, without which intestinal stem cells cannot proliferate and support epithelial renewal. Telocytes are large but rare mesenchymal cells that are marked by expression of FOXL1 and form a subepithelial plexus that extends from the stomach to the colon. While supporting the entire epithelium, FOXL1+ telocytes compartmentalize the production of Wnt ligands and inhibitors to enable localized pathway activation. Conditional genetic ablation of porcupine (Porcn), which is required for functional maturation of all Wnt proteins, in mouse FOXL1+ telocytes causes rapid cessation of Wnt signalling to intestinal crypts, followed by loss of proliferation of stem and transit amplifying cells and impaired epithelial renewal. Thus, FOXL1+ telocytes are an important source of niche signals to intestinal stem cells.read more
Citations
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Intrinsic Control of Surface Immune and Epithelial Homeostasis by Tissue-Resident Gut Stromal Cells.
TL;DR: The epithelial layer creates a chemical and physical barrier at the forefront of intestinal mucosa, and immune cells beneath the surface epithelium are poised to react to extrinsic factors, to maintain tissue homeostasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
B cell expansion hinders the stroma-epithelium regenerative cross talk during mucosal healing
TL;DR: In this paper , single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to examine the immune cell composition during intestinal damage and regeneration, revealing that B cells were the dominant cell type in the healing colon, and that activation of B cells disrupted the epithelial-stromal cross talk required for organoid survival.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mesenchymal Niches for Digestive Organ Development, Homeostasis, and Disease.
TL;DR: Focusing on several digestive organs, this work describes how similar and diverse mesenchymal cell populations promote organ development and maintain proper stem cell activity, and how the heterogeneity of mesenchyal niches is altered in digestive diseases such as inflammation and cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epithelial WNT2B and Desert Hedgehog are necessary for human colonoid regeneration after bacterial cytotoxin injury
Julie G. In,Julie G. In,Jianyi Yin,Roger Atanga,Michele Doucet,Robert N. Cole,Lauren DeVine,Mark Donowitz,Nicholas C. Zachos,Sarah E. Blutt,Mary K. Estes,Olga Kovbasnjuk,Olga Kovbasnjuk +12 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that epithelial-produced W NT2B is upregulated following injury and essential for regeneration, highlighting the importance of epithelial WNT2B and DHH in regulating human colonic regeneration after injury.
Journal ArticleDOI
Telocytes and their structural relationships with surrounding cell types in the skin of silky fowl by immunohistochemistrical, transmission electron microscopical and morphometric analysis.
Xianshu Chen,Jie Zeng,Yujie Huang,Meiling Gong,Yaqiong Ye,Haiquan Zhao,Zhisheng Chen,Hui Zhang +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed immunohistochemistrical and transmission electron microscopical studies in the skin of the silky fowl to investigate the Telocytes (TCs), a novel type of interstitial cells.
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Paneth cells constitute the niche for Lgr5 stem cells in intestinal crypts
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