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The effects of combined micron-/submicron-scale surface roughness and nanoscale features on cell proliferation and differentiation

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TLDR
The results suggested that the introduction of such nanoscale structures in combination with micro-/submicro-scale roughness improves osteoblast differentiation and local factor production, which indicates the potential for improved implant osseointegration in vivo.
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This article is published in Biomaterials.The article was published on 2011-05-01 and is currently open access. It has received 703 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Surface roughness & Nanotopography.

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Citations
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Life on magnets: stem cell networking on micro-magnet arrays.

TL;DR: It is shown that the static high magnetic field gradient generated by the micro-magnet arrays are capable of assisting cell migration to those areas with the strongest magnetic field gradients, thereby allowing the build up of tunable interconnected stem cell networks, which is an elegant route for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Orthogonal nanometer-micrometer roughness gradients probe morphological influences on cell behavior.

TL;DR: It was shown that high roughness in the micrometer range, combined with an intermediate nanofeature density (30-40 features/μm2), leads to the highest degree of osteopontin production after 14 days.
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Construction of micro-nano network structure on titanium surface for improving bioactivity

TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a method to use natural science foundation of China [20773100, 21021002], Fujian provincial innovation program [2159999], National Technology Support Program of China (NTSP) [2011BAZ03171]
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Effect of additive particles on mechanical, thermal, and cell functioning properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) cement.

TL;DR: Flexural strength and fracture toughness were significantly greater for PMMA specimens that incorporated silica than for the other specimens and all additives prolonged the time taken to reach maximum curing temperature and significantly improved cell adhesion of the PMMA samples.
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Surface nanotopography-induced favorable modulation of bioactivity and osteoconductive potential of anodized 3D printed Ti-6Al-4V alloy mesh structure:

TL;DR: The formation of a bioactive nanoscale apatite, cell–nanotube interactions as imaged via electron microscopy, higher expression of proteins (actin, vinculin, fibronectin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), and calcium content points toward the determining role of anodized mesh structure in modulating osteoblasts functions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Mechanical properties and the hierarchical structure of bone

TL;DR: Further investigations of mechanical properties at the "materials level", in addition to the studies at the 'structural level' are needed to fill the gap in present knowledge and to achieve a complete understanding of the mechanical properties of bone.
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Influence of surface characteristics on bone integration of titanium implants. A histomorphometric study in miniature pigs.

TL;DR: The extent of bone-implant interface is positively correlated with an increasing roughness of the implant surface, and hydroxylapatite (HA)-coated implants with 60-70% showed signs of resorption.
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Genetic regulation of osteoclast development and function

TL;DR: The past five years have witnessed important insights into osteoclast formation and function and many of these discoveries have been made through genetic experiments that involved the rare hereditary disorder osteopetrosis.
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Enhanced functions of osteoblasts on nanophase ceramics

TL;DR: The results of the present study provided the first evidence of enhanced long-term (on the order of days to weeks) functions of osteoblasts cultured on nanophase ceramics, and clearly represent a unique and promising class of orthopaedic/dental implant formulations with improved osseointegrative properties.
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Effect of titanium surface roughness on proliferation, differentiation, and protein synthesis of human osteoblast-like cells (MG63)

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that surface roughness alters osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and matrix production in vitro and suggests that implant surfaceroughness may play a role in determining phenotypic expression of cells in vivo.
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