Journal ArticleDOI
The immunology of acute stroke.
Ángel Chamorro,Andreas Meisel,Anna M. Planas,Xabier Urra,Diederik van de Beek,Roland Veltkamp +5 more
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TLDR
The multifaceted role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of acute stroke is discussed, with increased incidence of infections observed after acute stroke, and might result from activation of long-distance feedback loops between the CNS and peripheral immune organs.Abstract:
Recent clinical and experimental studies have highlighted a complex role for the immune system in the pathophysiological changes that occur after acute stroke. Sensors of the innate immune system such as Toll-like receptors, or effectors such as the lectin pathway of complement activation and innate immune cells, are activated by brain ischaemia and tissue damage, leading to amplification of the inflammatory cascade. Activation of the adaptive arm of the immune system, mediated by lymphocyte populations including T and B cells, regulatory T cells, and γδT cells, in response to stroke can lead to deleterious antigen-specific autoreactive responses but can also have cytoprotective effects. Increased incidence of infections is observed after acute stroke, and might result from activation of long-distance feedback loops between the CNS and peripheral immune organs, which are thought to play a part in stroke-induced immunodepression. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating whether the preventive use of antibiotics improves functional outcome after stroke. This Review discusses the multifaceted role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of acute stroke.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
IL-2/IL-2R Antibody Complex Enhances Treg-Induced Neuroprotection by Dampening TNF-α Inflammation in an In Vitro Stroke Model
Mia C Borlongan,Chase Kingsbury,Felipe Esparza Salazar,Alma R. Lezama Toledo,German Rivera Monroy,Nadia Sadanandan,Blaise Cozene,Bella Gonzales-Portillo,Madeline Saft,Zhen-Jie Wang,Alexa Moscatello,Jea Y Lee +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of IL-2/IL-2R-treated Tregs in OGD/R-exposed rat primary cortical cells (PCCs), which represent the cell type of the ischemic gray matter in the stroke brain, was examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and soluble epoxide hydrolase in physiology and diseases of the central nervous system
Yi-Min Kuo,Yi Hsuan Lee +1 more
TL;DR: The literature regarding the studies on the bioactivity of EETs and their metabolic enzyme sEH are reviewed with special attention paid to their action mechanisms in the CNS, including their modulation of neuronal activity, attenuation of neuroinflammation, regulation of cerebral blood flow, and improvement of neuronal and glial cells survival.
Journal ArticleDOI
Advances in Stroke Translational Medicine 2012
TL;DR: In this short overview, selected translational stroke research that has taken place in 2012 is described and a candidate drug for successful translation is the postsynaptic density-95 protein (PSD-95) inhibitor, Tat-NR2B9c, which uncouples post Synaptic density protein PSD- 95 from neurotoxic signaling pathways.
Journal ArticleDOI
The CD31 molecule: a possible neuroprotective agent in acute ischemic stroke?
Tobias Boeckh-Behrens,Justus F Kleine,Johannes Kaesmacher,Claus Zimmer,Lucas Schirmer,Sophie Simon,Holger Poppert +6 more
TL;DR: A stable relation between CD31+ cells and early clinical improvement of patients with acute ischemic stroke is shown, suggesting that CD31 may be a promising neuroprotective agent in stroke patients.
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