Journal ArticleDOI
The immunology of acute stroke.
Ángel Chamorro,Andreas Meisel,Anna M. Planas,Xabier Urra,Diederik van de Beek,Roland Veltkamp +5 more
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TLDR
The multifaceted role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of acute stroke is discussed, with increased incidence of infections observed after acute stroke, and might result from activation of long-distance feedback loops between the CNS and peripheral immune organs.Abstract:
Recent clinical and experimental studies have highlighted a complex role for the immune system in the pathophysiological changes that occur after acute stroke. Sensors of the innate immune system such as Toll-like receptors, or effectors such as the lectin pathway of complement activation and innate immune cells, are activated by brain ischaemia and tissue damage, leading to amplification of the inflammatory cascade. Activation of the adaptive arm of the immune system, mediated by lymphocyte populations including T and B cells, regulatory T cells, and γδT cells, in response to stroke can lead to deleterious antigen-specific autoreactive responses but can also have cytoprotective effects. Increased incidence of infections is observed after acute stroke, and might result from activation of long-distance feedback loops between the CNS and peripheral immune organs, which are thought to play a part in stroke-induced immunodepression. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating whether the preventive use of antibiotics improves functional outcome after stroke. This Review discusses the multifaceted role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of acute stroke.read more
Citations
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Acid-suppressive medications and risk of pneumonia in acute stroke patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
TL;DR: Results of this meta-analysis show an increased risk for HAP in acute stroke patients who receive ASM, particularly those exposed to PPIs, and urge caution when prescribing ASM - especially to stroke patients considered to be at high risk for pneumonia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stroke induces specific alteration of T memory compartment controlling auto-reactive CNS antigen-specific T cell responses
TL;DR: These findings suggest that stroke-induced immunodepression might function as an adaptive mechanism in order to inhibit harmful and long-lasting CNS antigen-specific immune responses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stroke research at the crossroads - where are we heading?
Stefan Roth,Arthur Liesz +1 more
TL;DR: The current understanding of basic mechanisms involved after brain injury, clinical imaging approaches and therapeutic strategies to promote regeneration in stroke patients are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
A novel neurotherapeutic for multiple sclerosis, ischemic injury, methamphetamine addiction, and traumatic brain injury
TL;DR: These effects suggest the existence of a common pathogenic mechanism involving a chemokine-driven influx of activated monocytes into the CNS tissue that can be reversed by parenteral injection of the DRa1-MOG-35-55 constructs that also induce anti-inflammatory macrophages and microglia within the CNS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Complement Component C3 Promotes Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Mediated by TLR2/NFκB Activation in Diabetic Mice
TL;DR: It was observed that complement C3 expression was increased in cerebral I/R injury of diabetic mice, whereas complement C2 deficiency abrogated the activation and injury, and regulating the complement C4/TLR2/NFκB pathway may be a novel target for therapeutic intervention in diabetic stroke.
References
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