Journal ArticleDOI
The immunology of acute stroke.
Ángel Chamorro,Andreas Meisel,Anna M. Planas,Xabier Urra,Diederik van de Beek,Roland Veltkamp +5 more
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TLDR
The multifaceted role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of acute stroke is discussed, with increased incidence of infections observed after acute stroke, and might result from activation of long-distance feedback loops between the CNS and peripheral immune organs.Abstract:
Recent clinical and experimental studies have highlighted a complex role for the immune system in the pathophysiological changes that occur after acute stroke. Sensors of the innate immune system such as Toll-like receptors, or effectors such as the lectin pathway of complement activation and innate immune cells, are activated by brain ischaemia and tissue damage, leading to amplification of the inflammatory cascade. Activation of the adaptive arm of the immune system, mediated by lymphocyte populations including T and B cells, regulatory T cells, and γδT cells, in response to stroke can lead to deleterious antigen-specific autoreactive responses but can also have cytoprotective effects. Increased incidence of infections is observed after acute stroke, and might result from activation of long-distance feedback loops between the CNS and peripheral immune organs, which are thought to play a part in stroke-induced immunodepression. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating whether the preventive use of antibiotics improves functional outcome after stroke. This Review discusses the multifaceted role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of acute stroke.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Brain transient receptor potential channels and stroke
Eric Zhang,Ping Liao +1 more
TL;DR: In an aging society, the occurrence of stroke is expected to increase steadily, and there is an urgent requirement to improve the current stroke management strategy, so elucidating the roles of TRP channels in stroke could shed light on the development of novel therapeutic strategies and ultimately improve stroke outcome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Acid-suppressive medication use in acute stroke and hospital-acquired pneumonia.
Shoshana J. Herzig,Christopher T. Doughty,Sourabh Lahoti,Sarah Marchina,Neha Sanan,Wuwei Feng,Sandeep Kumar +6 more
TL;DR: This work investigated the association between acid‐suppressive medication and hospital‐acquired pneumonia in patients with acute stroke and found no link between these medications and pneumonia.
Journal ArticleDOI
An atypical role for the myeloid receptor Mincle in central nervous system injury.
Thiruma V. Arumugam,Thiruma V. Arumugam,Silvia Manzanero,Milena B. Furtado,Patrick J. Biggins,Yu Hsuan Hsieh,Mathias Gelderblom,Kelli P. A. MacDonald,Ekaterina Salimova,Yu I. Li,Othmar Korn,Deborah Dewar,I. Mhairi Macrae,Robert B. Ashman,Sen-Lin Tang,Nadia Rosenthal,Marc J. Ruitenberg,Tim Magnus,Christine A. Wells,Christine A. Wells +19 more
TL;DR: It is shown that Mincle exacerbates neuronal loss following ischemic but not traumatic spinal cord injury and loss of Mincle was beneficial in a model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion but did not alter outcomes following heart or gut ischemia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Natalizumab in acute ischemic stroke (ACTION II): A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Mitchell S.V. Elkind,Roland Veltkamp,Joan Montaner,S. Claiborne Johnston,Aneesh B. Singhal,Kyra Becker,Maarten G Lansberg,Weihua Tang,Rachna Kasliwal,Jacob Elkins +9 more
TL;DR: Natalizumab administered ≤24 hours after AIS did not improve patient outcomes, and Class I evidence that for patients with AIS, an excellent outcome was less likely in patients treated with natalIZumab than with placebo is provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Repetitive hypoxic preconditioning induces an immunosuppressed B cell phenotype during endogenous protection from stroke.
Nancy L. Monson,Sterling B. Ortega,Sara J. Ireland,Anouk Meeuwissen,Ding Chen,Erik J. Plautz,Erin Shubel,Xiangmei Kong,Min K. Li,Laura H. Freriks,Ann M. Stowe +10 more
TL;DR: An endogenous neuroprotective phenotype is characterized that utilizes adaptive immune mechanisms pre-stroke to protect the brain from injury post-stroke and regulatory B cells, a subset implicated in neurovascular protection from stroke, were upregulated.
References
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