Q2. What are the contributions in this paper?
Please cite this article as: Sagner Michael, McNeil Amy, Puska Pekka, Auffray Charles, Price Nathan D., Hood Leroy, Lavie Carl J., Han Ze-Guang, Chen Zhu, Brahmachari Samir Kumar, McEwen Bruce S., Soares Marcelo B., Balling Rudi, Epel Elissa, Arena Ross, The P4 Health Spectrum – A Predictive, Preventive, Personalized and Participatory Continuum for Promoting Healthspan, Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases ( 2016 ), doi: 10.
Q3. What are the main health metrics that play a primary role in reducing chronic disease risk?
8-12 Monitoring and maintaining normal values for key health metrics, such as blood pressure (BP), lipids, and blood glucose also play a primary role in reducing chronic disease risk.
Q4. What is the main purpose of the concept paper?
The authors of this concept paper hope that the model proposed herein helps to spur the needed paradigm shift, with a focus on maintaining allostasis, wellness and prolonging the healthspan.
Q5. What are the main factors that can increase resilience against stressors?
54Certain factors can increase resilience against stressors and maintain anindividual in Stage A; healthy nutrition and physical activity can reduce the risk of cancer and CVD 55, 56 ; contemplative practices can modulate interception to attenuate affective and psychosomatic disorders 57 and reduce perceived stress and neurogenic inflammatory response 58 .
Q6. What are the key factors in predicting future chronic disease risk?
the importance of a lower than sex/age predicted level in cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength/endurance are important predictors of future chronic disease risk and adverse events.
Q7. What are the signs of chronic disease risk that define Stage B?
65 As stressors accumulate and an individual manifests a greater number of unhealthy lifestyle characteristics, the signs of chronic disease risk that define Stage B become imminent.
Q8. What are the main factors that influence the generation, severity and management of chronic diseases?
5, 44 Socio-economic determinants, especially poverty, also influence the generation, severity and management of chronic diseases.
Q9. What is the role of the multistakeholder model in preventing and treating chronic disease?
to make the impact needed in preventing and treating chronic disease, strong collaborations are required amongst stakeholders.
Q10. What is the reason for the underperformance in exercise?
This underperformance in exercise is partly due to the fact that a large percentage of the population, particularly those at greatest risk for one or more chronic diseases, leads a sedentary lifestyle, avoiding levels of exertion that would likely manifest an exertional Stage B sign (e.g. diminished cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength/endurance).
Q11. What is the importance of having an understanding of an individual’s literacy?
128 Having an understanding of an individual’s literacy is of paramount importance to the participatory component of P4 medicine.
Q12. What is the role of early warning signals in predicting the state of health?
The monitoring of such early warning signals can help predict the state of disease progression and the occurrence of abrupt transitions to a worsening state of health.
Q13. What are the key attributes of the P4H continuum model?
The authors need a new approach, focusing on care that is preventive, predictive, personalized and participatory (P4) as core principles of the P4H continuum model.
Q14. What is the need to expand the paradigm to combat chronic disease?
there is wide agreement that the stakeholders involved and the interventions and programming needed to combat chronic disease must expand and embrace a multisector approach.