Journal ArticleDOI
Tryptophan (Trp) modulates gut homeostasis via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)
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TLDR
A review highlights the advance of Trp-AhR pathway in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis and provides some insights for the clinical strategies that expect to effectively prevent and treat gut diseases via intervening the Trp, AhR pathway.Abstract:
The intestinal homeostasis is an orchestrated dynamic equilibrium state composed of the coexistence and interactions among the nutrients, microbial flora, and immune system. The intestinal balance disorder can trigger a series of diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Many of tryptophan (Trp) metabolites, such as kynurenine and indole, generated under a series of endogenous enzymes or microbial metabolism, have been reported enable to bind and activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), this series of process is termed the Trp-AhR pathway. The activated Trp-AhR pathway can induce the expression of downstream cytokines such as interleukin-22 (IL-22) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), thereby regulating the intestinal homeostasis. This review highlights the advance of Trp-AhR pathway in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis and provides some insights for the clinical strategies that expect to effectively prevent and treat gut diseases via intervening the Trp-AhR pathway.read more
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References
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The gut microbiota, bacterial metabolites and colorectal cancer
TL;DR: The relationship between diet, microbial metabolism and CRC is discussed and it is argued that the cumulative effects of microbial metabolites should be considered in order to better predict and prevent cancer progression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Control of T reg and T H 17 cell differentiation by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Francisco J. Quintana,Alexandre S. Basso,Antonio Iglesias,Thomas Korn,Mauricio F. Farez,Estelle Bettelli,Mario Caccamo,Mohamed Oukka,Howard L. Weiner +8 more
TL;DR: The identification of the ligand-activated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) as a regulator of Treg and TH17 cell differentiation in mice is reported, constituting a unique target for therapeutic immunomodulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor links TH17-cell-mediated autoimmunity to environmental toxins.
Marc Veldhoen,Keiji Hirota,Astrid M. Westendorf,Jan Buer,Laure Dumoutier,Jean-Christophe Renauld,Brigitta Stockinger +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown that in the CD4+ T-cell lineage of mice AHR expression is restricted to the TH17 cell subset and its ligation results in the production of the TH16 cytokine interleukin (IL)-22, and AHR ligands may represent co-factors in the development of autoimmune diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tryptophan Catabolites from Microbiota Engage Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Balance Mucosal Reactivity via Interleukin-22
Teresa Zelante,Rossana G. Iannitti,Cristina Cunha,Antonella De Luca,Gloria Giovannini,Giuseppe Pieraccini,Riccardo Zecchi,Carmen D'Angelo,Cristina Massi-Benedetti,Francesca Fallarino,Agostinho Carvalho,Paolo Puccetti,Luigina Romani +12 more
TL;DR: A metabolic pathway whereby Trp metabolites from the microbiota balance mucosal reactivity in mice is described, whereby highly adaptive lactobacilli are expanded and produce an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand-indole-3-aldehyde-that contributes to AhR-dependent Il22 transcription.
Journal ArticleDOI
CARD9 impacts colitis by altering gut microbiota metabolism of tryptophan into aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands
Bruno Lamas,Mathias L. Richard,Valentin Leducq,Hang-Phuong Pham,Marie-Laure Michel,Grégory Da Costa,Chantal Bridonneau,Sarah Jegou,Thomas W. Hoffmann,Jane M. Natividad,Loic Brot,Soraya Taleb,Soraya Taleb,Aurélie Couturier-Maillard,Isabelle Nion-Larmurier,Fatiha Merabtene,Philippe Seksik,Anne Bourrier,Jacques Cosnes,Bernhard Ryffel,Bernhard Ryffel,Laurent Beaugerie,Jean-Marie Launay,Philippe Langella,Ramnik J. Xavier,Harry Sokol +25 more
TL;DR: In this article, a relationship between the host and the gut microbiota govern intestinal homeostasis is revealed, and the authors reveal that host genes affect the composition and function of the Gut microbiota, altering the production of microbial metabolites and intestinal inflammation.
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