Journal ArticleDOI
Two distinct actin networks drive the protrusion of migrating cells
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TLDR
Computational analysis of fluorescent speckle microscopy movies of migrating epithelial cells revealed this process is mediated by two spatially colocalized but kinematically, kinetically, molecularly, and functionally distinct actin networks.Abstract:
Cell migration initiates by extension of the actin cytoskeleton at the leading edge. Computational analysis of fluorescent speckle microscopy movies of migrating epithelial cells revealed this process is mediated by two spatially colocalized but kinematically, kinetically, molecularly, and functionally distinct actin networks. A lamellipodium network assembled at the leading edge but completely disassembled within 1 to 3 micrometers. It was weakly coupled to the rest of the cytoskeleton and promoted the random protrusion and retraction of the leading edge. Productive cell advance was a function of the second colocalized network, the lamella, where actomyosin contraction was integrated with substrate adhesion.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Myosin II contributes to cell-scale actin network treadmilling through network disassembly
Cyrus A. Wilson,Mark A. Tsuchida,Greg M. Allen,Erin L. Barnhart,Kathryn T. Applegate,Patricia T. Yam,Patricia T. Yam,Lin Ji,Kinneret Keren,Kinneret Keren,Gaudenz Danuser,Gaudenz Danuser,Julie A. Theriot +12 more
TL;DR: The results establish the importance of myosin II as an enzyme for actin network disassembly and propose that gradual formation and reorganization of an actomyosin network provides an intrinsic destruction timer, enabling long-range coordination of act in network treadmilling in motile cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physics of adherent cells
TL;DR: Recent progress in the understanding of the role of forces in cell adhesion is reviewed from the viewpoint of theoretical soft matter physics and in close relation to the relevant experiments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Novel Roles of Formin mDia2 in Lamellipodia and Filopodia Formation in Motile Cells
TL;DR: It is proposed that mDia2 plays an important role in formation of lamellipodia by nucleating and/or protecting from capping lamellIPodial actin filaments, which subsequently exhibit high tendency to converge into filopodia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Control of Actin Filament Treadmilling in Cell Motility
Beáta Bugyi,Marie-France Carlier +1 more
TL;DR: Novel biophysical methods involving single-molecule measurements should foster progress in the detailed molecular mechanisms of ATP hydrolysis/Pi release on F-actin remain elusive, as well as the mechanism of filament branching with Arp2/3 complex or that of the formin-driven processive actin assembly.
Journal ArticleDOI
A role for actin arcs in the leading-edge advance of migrating cells
Dylan T. Burnette,Suliana Manley,Prabuddha Sengupta,Rachid Sougrat,Michael W. Davidson,Bechara Kachar,Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz +6 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that net edge extension occurs by nascent focal adhesions advancing the site at which new actin arcs slow down and form the base of the next protrusion event, serving as a structural element underlying the temporal and spatial connection between the lamellipodium and the lamella during directed cell motion.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cell Migration: A Physically Integrated Molecular Process
TL;DR: The authors are grateful for financial support from the National Institutes of Health (grants GM23244 and GM53905), and to very helpful comments on the manuscript from Elliot Elson, Vlodya Gelfand, Paul Matsudaira, Julie Theriot, and Sally Zigmond.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cellular Motility Driven by Assembly and Disassembly of Actin Filaments
Thomas D. Pollard,Gary G. Borisy +1 more
TL;DR: A core set of proteins including actin, Arp2/3 complex, profilin, capping protein, and ADF/cofilin can reconstitute the process in vitro, and mathematical models of the constituent reactions predict the rate of motion.
Journal ArticleDOI
The interaction of Arp2/3 complex with actin: Nucleation, high affinity pointed end capping, and formation of branching networks of filaments
TL;DR: It is shown that Arp2/3 complex purified from Acanthamoeba caps the pointed ends of actin filaments with high affinity and increases the critical concentration for polymerization at the pointed end from 0.6 to 1.0 microM.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dissecting Temporal and Spatial Control of Cytokinesis with a Myosin II Inhibitor
Aaron F. Straight,Amy Cheung,John Limouze,Irene A. Chen,Nicholas J. Westwood,James R. Sellers,Timothy J. Mitchison +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown that exit from the cytokinetic phase of the cell cycle depends on ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and continuous signals from microtubules are required to maintain the position of the cleavage furrow, and these signals control the localization of myosin II independently of other furrow components.
Journal ArticleDOI
Actions of cytochalasins on the organization of actin filaments and microtubules in a neuronal growth cone.
Paul Forscher,Stephen J. Smith +1 more
TL;DR: Results suggest that actin normally polymerizes at the leading edge and then flows rearward at a rate between 3-6 microns/min, which is consistent with their being secondary to effects of CB on lamellar F-actin.
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