Journal ArticleDOI
Two distinct actin networks drive the protrusion of migrating cells
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TLDR
Computational analysis of fluorescent speckle microscopy movies of migrating epithelial cells revealed this process is mediated by two spatially colocalized but kinematically, kinetically, molecularly, and functionally distinct actin networks.Abstract:Â
Cell migration initiates by extension of the actin cytoskeleton at the leading edge. Computational analysis of fluorescent speckle microscopy movies of migrating epithelial cells revealed this process is mediated by two spatially colocalized but kinematically, kinetically, molecularly, and functionally distinct actin networks. A lamellipodium network assembled at the leading edge but completely disassembled within 1 to 3 micrometers. It was weakly coupled to the rest of the cytoskeleton and promoted the random protrusion and retraction of the leading edge. Productive cell advance was a function of the second colocalized network, the lamella, where actomyosin contraction was integrated with substrate adhesion.read more
Citations
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Ultra-High Resolution Imaging by Fluorescence Photoactivation Localization Microscopy
TL;DR: A new method for fluorescence imaging has been developed that can obtain spatial distributions of large numbers of fluorescent molecules on length scales shorter than the classical diffraction limit, and suggests a means to address a significant number of biological questions that had previously been limited by microscope resolution.
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Environmental sensing through focal adhesions
TL;DR: The mechanisms of such environmental sensing are discussed, based on the finely tuned crosstalk between the assembly of one type of integrin-based adhesion complex, namely focal adhesions, and the forces that are at work in the associated cytoskeletal network owing to actin polymerization and actomyosin contraction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cell adhesion: integrating cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular tension
TL;DR: Adhesion formation and disassembly drive the migration cycle by activating Rho GTPases, which in turn regulate actin polymerization and myosin II activity, and therefore adhesion dynamics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Non-muscle myosin II takes centre stage in cell adhesion and migration.
TL;DR: Non-muscle myosin II is an actin-binding protein that has actin cross-linking and contractile properties and is regulated by the phosphorylation of its light and heavy chains.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanotransduction and extracellular matrix homeostasis
TL;DR: Progress towards understanding the molecular, cellular and tissue-level effects that promote mechanical homeostasis has helped to identify key questions for future research.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Formin Leaky Cap Allows Elongation in the Presence of Tight Capping Proteins
Sally H. Zigmond,Marie Evangelista,Charles Boone,Charles Boone,Changsong Yang,Arvin C. Dar,Frank Sicheri,Joe Forkey,M. Pring +8 more
TL;DR: FH1FH2 in a recombinant fragment from a yeast formin (Bni1p) nucleates actin filaments in vitro and binds to the filament barbed end where it appears to act as a "leaky" capper, slowing both polymerization and depolymerization by approximately 50%.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Actin-Based Nanomachine at the Leading Edge of Migrating Cells
TL;DR: Two fundamental parameters of the highly dynamic, ultrathin lamellipodia of migrating fibroblasts have been determined-its thickness in living cells, and its F-actin density, via image-based photometry, and an estimate of the force required to stall the polymerization of a single filament is calculated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of actin-filament disassembly in lamellipodium protrusion in motile cells revealed using the drug jasplakinolide
TL;DR: Actin-filament disassembly is tightly coupled to lamellipodium protrusion in migrating chick fibroblasts and motility of Listeria in PtK2 cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional design in the actin cytoskeleton
TL;DR: Cell polarity is acquired by the development of an asymmetric pattern of substrate contacts, effected in a specific, site-directed manner by the delivery of adhesion-site modulators along microtubules.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recovery, Visualization, and Analysis of Actin and Tubulin Polymer Flow in Live Cells: A Fluorescent Speckle Microscopy Study
TL;DR: A particle-based method for tracking fluorescent speckles in time-lapse FSM image series is presented, based on ideas from operational research and graph theory, and the power of automated tracking for generating complete and quantitative flow measurements is illustrated.
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