Journal ArticleDOI
Two distinct actin networks drive the protrusion of migrating cells
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TLDR
Computational analysis of fluorescent speckle microscopy movies of migrating epithelial cells revealed this process is mediated by two spatially colocalized but kinematically, kinetically, molecularly, and functionally distinct actin networks.Abstract:
Cell migration initiates by extension of the actin cytoskeleton at the leading edge. Computational analysis of fluorescent speckle microscopy movies of migrating epithelial cells revealed this process is mediated by two spatially colocalized but kinematically, kinetically, molecularly, and functionally distinct actin networks. A lamellipodium network assembled at the leading edge but completely disassembled within 1 to 3 micrometers. It was weakly coupled to the rest of the cytoskeleton and promoted the random protrusion and retraction of the leading edge. Productive cell advance was a function of the second colocalized network, the lamella, where actomyosin contraction was integrated with substrate adhesion.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Lamellipodial Actin Mechanically Links Myosin Activity with Adhesion-Site Formation
Grégory Giannone,Benjamin J. Dubin-Thaler,Olivier Rossier,Yunfei Cai,Oleg Y. Chaga,Guoying Jiang,William Beaver,Hans-Günther Döbereiner,Yoav Freund,Gary G. Borisy,Michael P. Sheetz +10 more
TL;DR: Actin polymerization periodically builds a mechanical link, the lamellipodium, connecting myosin motors with the initiation of adhesion sites, suggesting that the major functions driving motility are coordinated by a biomechanical process.
Journal ArticleDOI
The actin cytoskeleton in cancer cell motility.
Michael F. Olson,Erik Sahai +1 more
TL;DR: This review of cancer cell metastasis focuses on actin protrusion and acto-myosin contraction, and presents some general principles summarizing the widely-accepted mechanisms for the co-ordinated regulation of actin polymerization and contraction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular Architecture and Function of Matrix Adhesions
TL;DR: These cell adhesions play crucial roles in cell migration, proliferation, and determination of cell fate, and are mediated by membrane receptors such as the integrins, as well as many other components that comprise the adhesome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myosin IIA regulates cell motility and actomyosin–microtubule crosstalk
Sharona Even-Ram,Andrew D. Doyle,Mary Anne Conti,Kazue Matsumoto,Robert S. Adelstein,Kenneth M. Yamada +5 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that myosin IIA negatively regulates cell migration and it is suggested that it maintains a balance between the actomyosin and microtubules systems by regulating microtubule dynamics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Talin depletion reveals independence of initial cell spreading from integrin activation and traction
TL;DR: It is suggested that talin is not required for initial cell spreading, however, talin provides the important mechanical linkage between ligand-bound integrins and the actin cytoskeleton required to catalyse focal adhesion-dependent pathways.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cell Migration: A Physically Integrated Molecular Process
TL;DR: The authors are grateful for financial support from the National Institutes of Health (grants GM23244 and GM53905), and to very helpful comments on the manuscript from Elliot Elson, Vlodya Gelfand, Paul Matsudaira, Julie Theriot, and Sally Zigmond.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cellular Motility Driven by Assembly and Disassembly of Actin Filaments
Thomas D. Pollard,Gary G. Borisy +1 more
TL;DR: A core set of proteins including actin, Arp2/3 complex, profilin, capping protein, and ADF/cofilin can reconstitute the process in vitro, and mathematical models of the constituent reactions predict the rate of motion.
Journal ArticleDOI
The interaction of Arp2/3 complex with actin: Nucleation, high affinity pointed end capping, and formation of branching networks of filaments
TL;DR: It is shown that Arp2/3 complex purified from Acanthamoeba caps the pointed ends of actin filaments with high affinity and increases the critical concentration for polymerization at the pointed end from 0.6 to 1.0 microM.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dissecting Temporal and Spatial Control of Cytokinesis with a Myosin II Inhibitor
Aaron F. Straight,Amy Cheung,John Limouze,Irene A. Chen,Nicholas J. Westwood,James R. Sellers,Timothy J. Mitchison +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown that exit from the cytokinetic phase of the cell cycle depends on ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and continuous signals from microtubules are required to maintain the position of the cleavage furrow, and these signals control the localization of myosin II independently of other furrow components.
Journal ArticleDOI
Actions of cytochalasins on the organization of actin filaments and microtubules in a neuronal growth cone.
Paul Forscher,Stephen J. Smith +1 more
TL;DR: Results suggest that actin normally polymerizes at the leading edge and then flows rearward at a rate between 3-6 microns/min, which is consistent with their being secondary to effects of CB on lamellar F-actin.
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