Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of the Interplay Between Herbal Medicines and Gut Microbiota.
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TLDR
More advanced experimental designs are recommended for future study, such as overall chemical characterization of gut microbiota‐metabolized HMs, direct microbial analysis of HM‐targeted gut microbiota, and precise gut microbiota research model development, to further elucidate the interactions between HMs and gut microbiota.Abstract:
Herbal medicines (HMs) are much appreciated for their significant contribution to human survival and reproduction by remedial and prophylactic management of diseases. Defining the scientific basis of HMs will substantiate their value and promote their modernization. Ever-increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in HM therapy by complicated interplay with HM components. This interplay includes such activities as: gut microbiota biotransforming HM chemicals into metabolites that harbor different bioavailability and bioactivity/toxicity from their precursors; HM chemicals improving the composition of gut microbiota, consequently ameliorating its dysfunction as well as associated pathological conditions; and gut microbiota mediating the interactions (synergistic and antagonistic) between the multiple chemicals in HMs. More advanced experimental designs are recommended for future study, such as overall chemical characterization of gut microbiota-metabolized HMs, direct microbial analysis of HM-targeted gut microbiota, and precise gut microbiota research model development. The outcomes of such research can further elucidate the interactions between HMs and gut microbiota, thereby opening a new window for defining the scientific basis of HMs and for guiding HM-based drug discovery.read more
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Pharmacological basis and new insights of quercetin action in respect to its anti-cancer effects
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Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Herbal Medicines.
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Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius: From pharmacology to toxicology.
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to provide a simple and extensive overview of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius, focusing on the clinical evidence which has shown particular effectiveness in specific diseases, such as dementia, diabetes mellitus, respiratory infections, and cancer.
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Gut Microbiota and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Insights on Mechanisms and Therapy.
Junli Ma,Qihang Zhou,Houkai Li +2 more
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
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TL;DR: MGWAS analysis showed that patients with type 2 diabetes were characterized by a moderate degree of gut microbial dysbiosis, a decrease in the abundance of some universal butyrate-producing bacteria and an increase in various opportunistic pathogens, as well as an enrichment of other microbial functions conferring sulphate reduction and oxidative stress resistance.
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Pathogenic Escherichia coli
TL;DR: Few microorganisms are as versatile as Escherichia coli; it can also be a highly versatile, and frequently deadly, pathogen.
Journal ArticleDOI
Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs from 1981 to 2014
David J. Newman,Gordon M. Cragg +1 more
TL;DR: This contribution is a completely updated and expanded version of the four prior analogous reviews that were published in this journal in 1997, 2003, 2007, and 2012, and the time frame has been extended to cover the 34 years from January 1, 1981, to December 31, 2014, for all diseases worldwide, and from 1950 (earliest so far identified) to December 2014 for all approved antitumor drugs worldwide.
Journal ArticleDOI
Natural Products As Sources of New Drugs over the 30 Years from 1981 to 2010
David J. Newman,Gordon M. Cragg +1 more
TL;DR: This review is an updated and expanded version of the three prior reviews and adds a new designation, "natural product botanical" or "NB", to cover those botanical "defined mixtures" that have now been recognized as drug entities by the FDA and similar organizations.