Banaras Hindu University

About: Banaras Hindu University is a education organization based out in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 11858 authors who have published 23917 publications receiving 464677 citations. The organization is also known as: Kashi Hindu Vishvavidyalay & Benares Hindu University.

Direct imaging of a two-dimensional silica glass on graphene.

Abstract: Large-area graphene substrates provide a promising lab bench for synthesizing, manipulating, and characterizing low-dimensional materials, opening the door to high-resolution analyses of novel structures, such as two-dimensional (2D) glasses, that cannot be exfoliated and may not occur naturally. Here, we report the accidental discovery of a 2D silica glass supported on graphene. The 2D nature of this material enables the first atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy of a glass, producing images that strikingly resemble Zachariasen's original 1932 cartoon models of 2D continuous random network glasses. Atomic-resolution electron spectroscopy identifies the glass as SiO2 formed from a bilayer of (SiO4) 2− tetrahedra and without detectable covalent bonding to the graphene. From these images, we directly obtain ring statistics and pair distribution functions that span short-, medium-, and long-range order. Ab initio calculations indicate that van der Waals interactions with graphene energetically stabilizes the 2D structure with respect to bulk SiO2. These results demonstrate a new class of 2D glasses that can be applied in layered graphene devices and studied at the atomic scale.

Heavy‐metal‐induced proline accumulation and its role in ameliorating metal toxicity in Chlorella vulgaris

Abstract: Exposure of Chlorella vulgaris to elevated concentrations of copper, chromium, nickel and zinc led to intracellular accumulation of high concentrations of these metals. Concomitantly, accumulation of free proline occurred, depending on the concentration of metals in the external medium or in the cell. The greater the toxicity or accumulation of a metal, the greater the amount of intracellular proline in algal cells. However, higher concentrations of copper and chromium were inhibitory to proline accumulation by the test organism. The accumulation of proline was triggered within a few hours of metal treatment. Test metals also induced lipid peroxidation; copper was the most efficient inducer whereas zinc was the least. Pretreatment of C. vulgaris with proline counteracted metal-induced lipid peroxidation and potassium ion efflux. Thus the present work shows a protective effect of proline on metal toxicity through inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

The Role of PI3K/Akt and ERK in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Abstract: Disruption of Akt and Erk-mediated signal transduction significantly contributes in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's diseases, Huntington's disease, and many others. These regulatory proteins serve as the regulator of cell survival, motility, transcription, metabolism, and progression of the cell cycle. Therefore, targeting Akt and Erk pathway has been proposed as a reasonable approach to suppress ND progression. This review has emphasized on involvement of Akt/Erk cascade in the neurodegeneration. Akt has been reported to regulate neuronal toxicity through its various substrates like FOXos, GSK3β, and caspase-9 etc. Akt is also involved with PI3K in signaling pathway to mediate neuronal survival. ERK is another kinase which also regulates proliferation, differentiation, and survival of the neural cell. There has also been much progress in developing a therapeutic molecule targeting Akt and Erk signaling. Therefore, improved understanding of the molecular mechanism behind the regulatory aspect of Akt and Erk networks can make strong impact on exploration of the neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.

Centrality dependence of π+/-, K+/-, p, and p̄ production from √sNN = 130 GeV Au + Au collisions at RHIC

Abstract: Identified ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+/\ensuremath{-}}$, ${K}^{+/\ensuremath{-}}$, $p$, and $\overline{p}$ transverse momentum spectra at midrapidity in $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}130\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions were measured by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC as a function of collision centrality. Average transverse momenta increase with the number of participating nucleons in a similar way for all particle species. Within errors, all midrapidity particle yields per participant are found to be increasing with the number of participating nucleons. There is an indication that ${K}^{+/\ensuremath{-}}$, $p$, and $\overline{p}$ yields per participant increase faster than the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+/\ensuremath{-}}$ yields. In central collisions at high transverse momenta $({p}_{T}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}2\mathrm{GeV}/c)$, $\overline{p}$ and $p$ yields are comparable to the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+/\ensuremath{-}}$ yields.

Identified charged hadron production in p + p collisions at √ s = 200 and 62.4 GeV

Abstract: Transverse momentum distributions and yields for pi(+/-), K-+/-, p, and (p) over bar in p + p collisions at root s = 200 and 62.4 GeV at midrapidity are measured by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). These data provide important baseline spectra for comparisons with identified particle spectra in heavy ion collisions at RHIC. We present the inverse slope parameter T-inv, mean transverse momentum , and yield per unit rapidity dN/dy at each energy, and compare them to other measurements at different root s in p + p and p + (p) over bar collisions. We also present the scaling properties such as m(T) scaling and x(T) scaling on the p(T) spectra between different energies. To discuss the mechanism of the particle production in p + p collisions, the measured spectra are compared to next-to-leading-order or next-to-leading-logarithmic perturbative quantum chromodynamics calculations.