Colorado State University

About: Colorado State University is a education organization based out in Fort Collins, Colorado, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Laser. The organization has 31430 authors who have published 69040 publications receiving 2724463 citations. The organization is also known as: CSU & Colorado Agricultural College.

SURVEY AND SUMMARY Transcription by RNA polymerases I and III

Abstract: The task of transcribing nuclear genes is shared between three RNA polymerases in eukaryotes: RNA polymerase (pol) I synthesises the large rRNA, pol II synthesises mRNA and pol III synthesises tRNA and 5S rRNA. Although pol II has received most attention, pol I and pol III are together responsible for the bulk of transcriptional activity. This survey will summarise what is known about the process of transcription by pol I and pol III, how it happens and the proteins involved. Attention will be drawn to the similarities between the three nuclear RNA polymerase systems and also to their differences.

Anpp estimates from ndvi for the central grassland region of the united states

Abstract: Several studies have suggested the existence of a positive relationship be- tween the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from AVHRR/NOAA satellite data and either biomass or annual aboveground net primary production (ANPP) for different geographic areas and ecosystems. We calibrated a 4-yr average of the ingegral of the NDVI (NDVI-J) using spatially aggregated values of ANPP. We also provided an estimate of the energy conversion efficiency coefficient (?) of Monteith's equation. This is the first attempt to calibrate a standard NDVI product for temperate perennial grasslands. We found a positive and statistically significant relationship between NDVI-I and ANPP for grassland areas with mean annual precipitation between 280 and 1150 mm, and mean annual temperature between 40 and 20'C. Depending on the method used to estimate the fraction of photosynthetic active radiation, the energy conversion officency coefficient was constant (0.24 g C/MJ), or varied across the precipitation gradient, from 0.10 g C/MJ for the least productive to 0.20 g C/MJ for the most productive sites.

Stratospheric memory and skill of extended-range weather forecasts

Abstract: We use an empirical statistical model to demonstrate significant skill in making extended-range forecasts of the monthly-mean Arctic Oscillation (AO). Forecast skill derives from persistent circulation anomalies in the lowermost stratosphere and is greatest during boreal winter. A comparison to the Southern Hemisphere provides evidence that both the time scale and predictability of the AO depend on the presence of persistent circulation anomalies just above the tropopause. These circulation anomalies most likely affect the troposphere through changes to waves in the upper troposphere, which induce surface pressure changes that correspond to the AO.

Palladium-katalysierte Kupplungsreaktionen organischer Elektrophile mit Organozinn-Verbindungen

Abstract: Palladium-katalysierte Kupplungsreaktionen von Organozinn-Verbindungen mit unterschiedlichsten organischen Elektrophilen sind eine relativ neue Methode zur Knupfung von Kohlenstoff-Kohlenstoff-Bindungen. Da sie unter milden Bedingungen ablauft und eine Vielfalt funktioneller Gruppen an jedem der beiden Reaktionspartner ermoglicht, daruber hinaus stereospezifisch, regioselektiv und in hohen Ausbeuten verlauft, eignet sie sich ideal fur die Synthese komplizierter organischer Verbindungen. Wird die Kupplungsreaktion in Gegenwart von Kohlenmonoxid ausgefuhrt, so findet eine Verknupfung der beiden Reaktanten unter Kohlenmonoxid-Insertion statt, so das man Ketone erhalt.