Indian Institute of Technology Indore

About: Indian Institute of Technology Indore is a education organization based out in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Chemistry. The organization has 1606 authors who have published 4803 publications receiving 66500 citations.

Concentration-dependent reversible self-oligomerization of serum albumins through intermolecular β-sheet formation.

Abstract: Proteins inside a cell remain in highly crowded environments, and this often affects their structure and activity. However, most of the earlier studies involving serum albumins were performed under dilute conditions, which lack biological relevance. The effect of protein–protein interactions on the structure and properties of serum albumins at physiological conditions have not yet been explored. Here, we report for the first time the effect of protein–protein and protein–crowder interactions on the structure and stability of two homologous serum albumins, namely, human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), at physiological conditions by using spectroscopic techniques and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Concentration-dependent self-oligomerization and subsequent structural alteration of serum albumins have been explored by means of fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy at pH 7.4. The excitation wavelength (λex) dependence of the intrinsic fluorescence and the corresponding exci...

CIIDefence: Defeating Adversarial Attacks by Fusing Class-Specific Image Inpainting and Image Denoising

Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach for protecting deep neural networks from adversarial attacks, i.e., methods that add well-crafted imperceptible modifications to the original inputs such that they are incorrectly classified with high confidence. The proposed defence mechanism is inspired by the recent works mitigating the adversarial disturbances by the means of image reconstruction and denoising. However, unlike the previous works, we apply the reconstruction only for small and carefully selected image areas that are most influential to the current classification outcome. The selection process is guided by the class activation map responses obtained for multiple top-ranking class labels. The same regions are also the most prominent for the adversarial perturbations and hence most important to purify. The resulting inpainting task is substantially more tractable than the full image reconstruction, while still being able to prevent the adversarial attacks. Furthermore, we combine the selective image inpainting with wavelet based image denoising to produce a non differentiable layer that prevents attacker from using gradient backpropagation. Moreover, the proposed nonlinearity cannot be easily approximated with simple differentiable alternative as demonstrated in the experiments with Backward Pass Differentiable Approximation (BPDA) attack. Finally, we experimentally show that the proposed Class-specific Image Inpainting Defence (CIIDefence) is able to withstand several powerful adversarial attacks including the BPDA. The obtained results are consistently better compared to the other recent defence approaches.

Unsymmetrical and Symmetrical Push–Pull Phenothiazines

Abstract: A series of unsymmetrical and symmetrical push–pull phenothiazines (3–7) were designed and synthesized by the Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction and subsequent [2 + 2] cycloaddition–retroelectrocyclization reaction with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). The effect of systematic variation of the number and nature of cyano-based acceptor TCNE and TCNQ units on the photophysical, electrochemical, and computational studies was investigated. The single-photon absorption on phenothiazines 3–7 reveals that substitution of 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD) and a cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diylidene-expanded TCBD unit results in strong intramolecular charge transfer and lowering of the LUMO energy level. The TCBD-linked and cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diylidene-expanded TCBD-linked phenothiazines 3–7 exhibit multiredox waves. The computational studies on phenothiazines 3–7 exhibit substantial stabilization of the LUMO with the increase in acceptor strength, which result...

Enhancing methane production in anaerobic digestion through hydrogen assisted pathways – A state-of-the-art review

Abstract: Anaerobic digestion has been widely accepted for energy and resource recovery from biomass residues. However, the produced biogas from the process mainly composed of methane and carbon dioxide is lower in calorific content, which is a major drawback for its direct application as an energy fuel. Therefore, different biogas upgradation systems based on physical, chemical, and biological processes have been applied to either remove carbon dioxide and other gaseous constituents from the biogas or utilize carbon dioxide into methane. This review discusses the possible hydrogen-assisted pathways for converting carbon dioxide into methane in the presence of hydrogen and improving its proportion in the biogas composition during anaerobic digestion through in-situ biogas upgradation. Additionally, a co-production of hydrogen and methane in two-stage anaerobic digestion has been proposed for methane enrichment. Technical challenges, stabilization of process parameters, innovative modification and microbial pathways have been explored and discussed. The findings and prospects from this article could be an interesting state-of-the-art for optimizing process parameters during hydrogen-assisted pathways and its mainstream application on existing digestion systems.