Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

About: Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur is a education organization based out in Kharagpur, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Dielectric. The organization has 16887 authors who have published 38658 publications receiving 714526 citations.

Hardware Trojan Insertion by Direct Modification of FPGA Configuration Bitstream

Abstract: In this work, we have demonstrated the feasibility of hardware Trojan insertion in circuits mapped on FPGAs by direct modification of the FPGA configuration bitstream. The main challenge of this attack proved to be the lack of sufficient information in the public domain about the bitstream format and the internal architecture and configurability of the FPGA. Nevertheless, we were able to show that under certain constraints on the functionality, size and placement of the Trojan on the FPGA, it is possible to modify the configuration bitstream by a software program to insert a hardware Trojan in the design. The main strength of the attack lies in the fact that since the modification is at the configuration bitstream level, it bypasses all predeployment design validation mechanisms. We also propose some techniques to prevent the demonstrated attack. We hope that this work will raise awareness among FPGA users about the potency of the threat posed by this relatively simple attack and its improved variants. .

Amide-to-Amide Hydrogen Bonds in the Presence of a Pyridine Functionality: Crystal Structures of Bis(pyridinecarboxamido)alkanes

Abstract: Crystal structures of bis(4-pyridinecarboxamido)alkane and bis(3-pyridinecarboxamido)alkane derivatives were determined and analyzed in terms of hydrogen bond networks. Seven crystal structures out of the eight structures studied exhibited amide-to-amide hydrogen bonds. Out of these seven, five form the anticipated β-sheet network whereas two structures form a doubly interpenetrated (4,4)-network. In only one structure does the pyridyl group interfere in the amide-to-amide hydrogen bond, leading to the formation of an N−H···N hydrogen bond network. The analyses and rationalization of these structures and also related derivatives in the Cambridge Structural Database suggested that amide-to-amide hydrogen bond formation depends on the interplanar angle between amide and pyridine groups.

Groundwater-level prediction using multiple linear regression and artificial neural network techniques: a comparative assessment

Abstract: The potential of multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques in predicting transient water levels over a groundwater basin were compared MLR and ANN modeling was carried out at 17 sites in Japan, considering all significant inputs: rainfall, ambient temperature, river stage, 11 seasonal dummy variables, and influential lags of rainfall, ambient temperature, river stage and groundwater level Seventeen site-specific ANN models were developed, using multi-layer feed-forward neural networks trained with Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithms The performance of the models was evaluated using statistical and graphical indicators Comparison of the goodness-of-fit statistics of the MLR models with those of the ANN models indicated that there is better agreement between the ANN-predicted groundwater levels and the observed groundwater levels at all the sites, compared to the MLR This finding was supported by the graphical indicators and the residual analysis Thus, it is concluded that the ANN technique is superior to the MLR technique in predicting spatio-temporal distribution of groundwater levels in a basin However, considering the practical advantages of the MLR technique, it is recommended as an alternative and cost-effective groundwater modeling tool