Jawaharlal Nehru University

About: Jawaharlal Nehru University is a education organization based out in New Delhi, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Politics. The organization has 6082 authors who have published 13455 publications receiving 245407 citations. The organization is also known as: JNU.

CD 59 Targeted Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Immunosensor for Fast and Noninvasive Diagnosis of Oral Cancer

Abstract: Oral cancer (OC) is one of the important cancer types in human being and its early and quick diagnosis will help clinicians to develop suitable therapeutic strategies to improve the prognosis of cancer patients. In this direction, we report a label free impedimetric immunosensor to diagnose OC by detecting CD 59, an early stage and important OC biomarker. The immunosensor probe is fabricated by immobilizing CD 59 antibodies (anti-CD 59) on a self-assembled molecular layer of L-cysteine (Cys) on a gold electrode. The fabrication of sensor probe is characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental conditions were optimized in terms of antibody concentration, temperature, pH, and incubation time in order to obtain maximum sensitivity. The CD 59 is qualitatively detected using EIS which shows a wide dynamic range between 1 fg mL(-1) and 1000 fg mL(-1) with a detection limit of 0.38 (+/- 0.03) fg mL(-1). The developed immunosensor is successfully applied for direct detection of CD 59 in clinically relevant human saliva samples. Interferences due to non-target cancer antigens, stability, and regeneration of the developed immunosensor was performed.

Flood hazard and risk assessment of 2014 floods in Kashmir Valley: a space-based multisensor approach

Abstract: The combined effects of midlatitude westerlies lying in the lower troposphere over the Kashmir Valley and low-pressure systems originated from the Bay of Bengal and Saurashtra and Kutch regions caused torrential rainfall, which in turn produced devastating floods in the valley, during the first week of September 2014. The total actual flooded area was ~488.2 km2 during September 10 to October 12, 2014. In this study, we utilized multispectral images of Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensors along with the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) to derive the flood hazard and elements at risk. The linear combination of normalized flood depth, mean turbidity, and locational probability of flood parameters was taken to map the flood hazard. The flood risk, on the other hand, was computed as the product of flood hazard and vulnerability. Overall, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was reduced by ~50 % during postflood as compared with preflood image. Therefore, NDVI change in natural vegetation, cropped, and built-up areas was taken as proxy for vulnerability. Estimated land-use-specific hazard and risk mapping revealed that standing crops (rice and maize) were badly damaged in Bandipore, Baramula, Pulwama, and Bagdam Districts due to submergence and siltation by turbid flood water. Since natural vegetation stood above the flood level, it may have been affected least. Overall, Bandipore, Baramula, and Pulwama Districts showed relatively high flood hazard and risk to natural vegetation. Over the built-up area, Srinagar and Bagdam Districts were highly affected by turbid flood water. The estimated flood hazard and risk showed that Bandipore, Baramula, Bagdam, Pulwama, and Srinagar were the most severely affected districts in the valley.

Greenhouse Gas Inventory

Abstract: The “greenhouse effect” is the warming of the Earth due to the presence of GHGs. The name “green house” is borrowed from phenomenon used in greenhouses to raise temperature capturing long wave radiation within the green house. Solar radiation from the sun absorbed by the surface of the Earth and then radiated back to the atmosphere in the form of long wave infrared radiation.