Jawaharlal Nehru University

About: Jawaharlal Nehru University is a education organization based out in New Delhi, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Politics. The organization has 6082 authors who have published 13455 publications receiving 245407 citations. The organization is also known as: JNU.

The mechanisms of biochar interactions with microorganisms in soil

Abstract: Biochar, a carbonaceous material, is increasingly used in the remediation of the anthropogenically polluted soils and the restoration of their ecological functions. However, the interaction mechanisms among biochar, inorganic and organic soil properties and soil biota are still not very clear. The effect of biochar on soil microorganisms is very diverse. Several mechanisms of these interactions were suggested. However, a well acceptable mechanism of biochar effect on soil microorganisms is still missing. Therefore, efforts were made to examine and proposed a mechanism of the interactions between biochar and microorganisms, as well as existing problems of biochar impacts on main groups of soil enzymes, the composition of the microbiota and the detoxification (heavy metals) and degradation (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) of soil pollutants. The data on the process of biochar colonization by microorganisms and the effect of volatile pyrolysis products released by biochar on the soil microbiota were analysed in detail. The effects of biochar on the physico-chemical properties of soils, the content of mineral nutrients and the response of microbial communities to these changes are also discussed. The information provided here may contribute to the solution of the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of the biochar questions to enhance the soil fertility and to detoxify pollutants in soils.

Molecular mechanisms and mode of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer.

Abstract: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women around the globe Tamoxifen is used for the last 40 years as an endocrine therapy for breast cancer. This resulted in the reduction of mortality rate by 30% and it still remains one of the most effective therapies against breast cancer. However, resistance against tamoxifen is still one of the major hurdles in the effective management of breast cancer. Intense research has been conducted in the past decade to further explore its resistance mechanism, but still a lot of research will be needed to effectively alleviate this problem. Several biochemical factors and molecular pathways, such as the modulation of ER signaling, upregulation of growth factors had been observed as key factors for tamoxifen resistance (TR). After, initial therapy of five to ten years, breast cancer patients develops resistance towards this drug. The resistance leads to the development of other cancers like uterine cancer. Here, we briefly explore all the molecular events related to tamoxifen resistance and focus on its mechanism of action as well as other pharmacological approaches to better its beneficial effects in the treatment of breast carcinoma.

International Law and World Order: A Critique of Contemporary Approaches

Abstract: Foreword - Richard Falk Introduction The Realist Theory of International Law The World of Hans Morgenthau The McDougal-Laswell Approach to International Law Richard Falk and the Grotian Quest Towards a Transdisciplinary Jurisprudence The Marxist Theory of International Law In Lieu of a Conclusion