Institution
John Radcliffe Hospital
Healthcare•Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom•
About: John Radcliffe Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Antigen. The organization has 14491 authors who have published 23670 publications receiving 1459015 citations.
Topics: Population, Antigen, Transplantation, Gene, Immune system
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors tested the idea that recognition of these molecules by killer immunoglobulin receptors (KIRs) on maternal decidual NK cells is a key factor in the development of preeclampsia.
Abstract: Preeclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy in which the fetus receives an inadequate supply of blood due to failure of trophoblast invasion. There is evidence that the condition has an immunological basis. The only known polymorphic histocompatibility antigens on the fetal trophoblast are HLA-C molecules. We tested the idea that recognition of these molecules by killer immunoglobulin receptors (KIRs) on maternal decidual NK cells is a key factor in the development of preeclampsia. Striking differences were observed when these polymorphic ligand: receptor pairs were considered in combination. Mothers lacking most or all activating KIR (AA genotype) when the fetus possessed HLA-C belonging to the HLA-C2 group were at a greatly increased risk of preeclampsia. This was true even if the mother herself also had HLA-C2, indicating that neither nonself nor missing-self discrimination was operative. Thus, this interaction between maternal KIR and trophoblast appears not to have an immune function, but instead plays a physiological role related to placental development. Different human populations have a reciprocal relationship between AA frequency and HLA-C2 frequency, suggesting selection against this combination. In light of our findings, reproductive success may have been a factor in the evolution and maintenance of human HLA-C and KIR polymorphisms.
1,018 citations
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TL;DR: This work uses a BCI to interpret pathological brain activity in patients with advanced Parkinson disease and to use this feedback to control when therapeutic deep brain stimulation (DBS) is delivered to improve on both the efficacy and efficiency of conventional continuous DBS.
Abstract: Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) could potentially be used to interact with pathological brain signals to intervene and ameliorate their effects in disease states. Here, we provide proof-of-principle of this approach by using a BCI to interpret pathological brain activity in patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD) and to use this feedback to control when therapeutic deep brain stimulation (DBS) is delivered. Our goal was to demonstrate that by personalizing and optimizing stimulation in real time, we could improve on both the efficacy and efficiency of conventional continuous DBS. We tested BCI-controlled adaptive DBS (aDBS) of the subthalamic nucleus in 8 PD patients. Feedback was provided by processing of the local field potentials recorded directly from the stimulation electrodes. The results were compared to no stimulation, conventional continuous stimulation (cDBS), and random intermittent stimulation. Both unblinded and blinded clinical assessments of motor effect were performed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Motor scores improved by 66% (unblinded) and 50% (blinded) during aDBS, which were 29% (p = 0.03) and 27% (p = 0.005) better than cDBS, respectively. These improvements were achieved with a 56% reduction in stimulation time compared to cDBS, and a corresponding reduction in energy requirements (p < 0.001). aDBS was also more effective than no stimulation and random intermittent stimulation. BCI-controlled DBS is tractable and can be more efficient and efficacious than conventional continuous neuromodulation for PD. Copyright © 2013 American Neurological Association.
1,017 citations
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TL;DR: A medial superior frontal gyrus (SFG) region centred on the pre-supplementary motor area is involved in the selection of action sets whereas the anterior cingulate cortex has a fundamental role in relating actions to their consequences, both positive reinforcement outcomes and errors, and in guiding decisions about which actions are worth making.
1,012 citations
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TL;DR: Intragenic non–overlapping deletions from four different families and three mutations have been detected in HYP patients, which suggest that the PEX gene is involved in the HYP disorder.
Abstract: X–linked hypophosphatemic rickets (HYP) is a dominant disorder characterised by impaired phosphate uptake in the kidney, which is likely to be caused by abnormal regulation of sodium phosphate cotransport in the proximal tubules. By positional cloning, we have isolated a candidate gene from the HYP region in Xp22.1. This gene exhibits homology to a family of endopeptidase genes, members of which are involved in the degradation or activation of a variety of peptide hormones. This gene (which we have called PEX) is composed of multiple exons which span at least five cosmids. Intragenic non–overlapping deletions from four different families and three mutations (two splice sites and one frameshift) have been detected in HYP patients, which suggest that the PEX gene is involved in the HYP disorder.
997 citations
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TL;DR: It is shown using suppression by small interference RNA that each of the three PHD isoforms contributes in a non-redundant manner to the regulation of both Hif-1α and HIF-2α subunits and that the contribution of each PHD under particular culture conditions is strongly dependent on the abundance of the enzyme.
996 citations
Authors
Showing all 14542 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Douglas G. Altman | 253 | 1001 | 680344 |
Salim Yusuf | 231 | 1439 | 252912 |
David J. Hunter | 213 | 1836 | 207050 |
Mark I. McCarthy | 200 | 1028 | 187898 |
Stuart H. Orkin | 186 | 715 | 112182 |
Richard Peto | 183 | 683 | 231434 |
Ralph M. Steinman | 171 | 453 | 121518 |
Adrian L. Harris | 170 | 1084 | 120365 |
Rory Collins | 162 | 489 | 193407 |
Nicholas J. White | 161 | 1352 | 104539 |
David W. Johnson | 160 | 2714 | 140778 |
David Cella | 156 | 1258 | 106402 |
Edmund T. Rolls | 153 | 612 | 77928 |
Martin A. Nowak | 148 | 591 | 94394 |
Kypros H. Nicolaides | 147 | 1302 | 87091 |