Makerere University

About: Makerere University is a education organization based out in Kampala, Uganda. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 7220 authors who have published 12405 publications receiving 366520 citations. The organization is also known as: Makerere University Kampala & MUK.

Sensitive Drug-Resistance Assays Reveal Long-Term Persistence of HIV-1 Variants with the K103N Nevirapine (NVP) Resistance Mutation in Some Women and Infants after the Administration of Single-Dose NVP: HIVNET 012

Abstract: Background. The HIV Network for Prevention Trials (HIVNET) 012 trial showed that NVP resistance (NVPR) emerged in some women and children after the administration of single-dose nevirapine (SD-NVP). We tested whether K103N-containing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 variants persisted in women and infants 1 year or more after the administration of SD-NVP. Methods. We analyzed samples from 9 women and 5 infants in HIVNET 012 who had NVPR 6-8 weeks after the administration of SD-NVP. Samples were analyzed with the ViroSeq system and with 2 sensitive resistance assays, LigAmp and TyHRT. Results. ViroSeq detected the K103N mutation in 8 of 9 women and in 2 of 5 infants. LigAmp detected the K103N mutation at low levels in 8 of 9 women and in 4 of 5 infants. K103N was not detected by ViroSeq 12-24 months after the administration of SD-NVP but was detected by LigAmp in 3 of 9 women and in 1 of 5 infants. K103N was also detected in those samples by use of the TyHRT assay. Conclusions. K103N-containing variants persist in some women and infants for 1 year or more after the administration of SD-NVP. Sensitive resistance assays may provide new insight into the impact of antiretroviral drug exposure on HIV-1 evolution.

Growth and Poverty Reduction in Uganda, 1999-2000: Panel Data Evidence

Abstract: To explore factors underlying growth and poverty reduction in Africa while overcoming some of the limitations of cross-country analysis, this article uses micro-level survey and panel-data evidence from Uganda spanning 1992-2000. The high elasticity of both income growth and poverty reduction with respect to agricultural output (coffee) prices confirms the benefits from Uganda's decisive liberalisation of output markets. It also suggests the importance of product diversification to protect the poor against price shocks and the potential of cotton-market improvements in tackling persistent poverty in the North. The importance of improving access to basic education and health care emerges more clearly than in cross-country analysis, but benefits depend on complementary investments in electricity and other infrastructure, and reductions in civil strife.

Urbanization in Africa: challenges and opportunities for conservation

Abstract: 22 Africa, a continent exceptionally rich in biodiversity, is rapidly urbanizing. Africa’s urbanization is 23 manifest in the growth of its megacities as well as that of its smaller towns and cities. The conservation 24 planning and practice will increasingly need to account for direct and indirect impacts of the continent’s 25 urbanization. The objective of our study is to pinpoint the outstanding challenges and opportunities 26 afforded by the growing cities on the continent to the conservation goals and practices. While these 27 issues have previously been addressed in many studies they tended to focus on specific issues. Here, we 28 provide a synthesis of these supported by new analysis. Urban areas, growing both in population and in 29 land cover, pose threats to the integrity of the continent’s ecosystems and biodiversity but their growth 30 also create opportunities for conservation. The burgeoning urban populations, especially in Sub‐Saharan 31 Africa, increase the strain on already insufficient infrastructure and bring new governance challenges. 32 Yet, Africa’s ecosystems can serve as foundations for green infrastructure to serve the needs of its urban 33 populations while safeguarding fragile biodiversity. Overall, while worsening social problems 34 overshadow the concerns for biodiversity there are also promising initiatives to bring these concerns 35 into the fold to address social, institutional, and ecological challenges that emerge with the continued 36 urbanization of the continent. 37 Page 1 of 15 AUTHOR SUBMITTED MANUSCRIPT ERL-103711.R2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 A cc ep te M an us c ip t

Production and performance of activated carbon from rice husks for removal of natural organic matter from water : A review

Abstract: Adsorption by activated carbon has great potential to improve natural organic matter (NOM) removal from water. However, the high production and regeneration costs limit its wide scale application. ...