Mines ParisTech

About: Mines ParisTech is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Finite element method & Microstructure. The organization has 6564 authors who have published 11676 publications receiving 359898 citations. The organization is also known as: École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris & École des mines de Paris.

Invention and transfer of climate change mitigation technologies on a global scale: A study drawing on patent data

Abstract: This paper uses the EPO/OECD World Patent Statistical Database (PATSTAT) to provide a quantitative description of the geographic distribution of inventions in thirteen climate mitigation technologies since 1978 and their international diffusion on a global scale Statistics suggest that innovation has mostly been driven by energy prices until 1990 Since then, environmental policies, and climate policies more recently, have accelerated the pace of innovation Innovation is highly concentrated in three countries—Japan, Germany and the USA—which account for 60% of total innovations Surprisingly, the innovation performance of emerging economies is far from being negligible as China and South Korea together represent about 15% of total inventions However, they export much less inventions than industrialized countries, suggesting their inventions have less value More generally, international transfers mostly occur between developed countries (73% of exported inventions) Exports from developed countries to emerging economies are still limited (22%) but are growing rapidly, especially to China

Genome-wide association study identifies 32 novel breast cancer susceptibility loci from overall and subtype-specific analyses

Abstract: Breast cancer susceptibility variants frequently show heterogeneity in associations by tumor subtype1-3. To identify novel loci, we performed a genome-wide association study including 133,384 breast cancer cases and 113,789 controls, plus 18,908 BRCA1 mutation carriers (9,414 with breast cancer) of European ancestry, using both standard and novel methodologies that account for underlying tumor heterogeneity by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status and tumor grade. We identified 32 novel susceptibility loci (P < 5.0 × 10-8), 15 of which showed evidence for associations with at least one tumor feature (false discovery rate < 0.05). Five loci showed associations (P < 0.05) in opposite directions between luminal and non-luminal subtypes. In silico analyses showed that these five loci contained cell-specific enhancers that differed between normal luminal and basal mammary cells. The genetic correlations between five intrinsic-like subtypes ranged from 0.35 to 0.80. The proportion of genome-wide chip heritability explained by all known susceptibility loci was 54.2% for luminal A-like disease and 37.6% for triple-negative disease. The odds ratios of polygenic risk scores, which included 330 variants, for the highest 1% of quantiles compared with middle quantiles were 5.63 and 3.02 for luminal A-like and triple-negative disease, respectively. These findings provide an improved understanding of genetic predisposition to breast cancer subtypes and will inform the development of subtype-specific polygenic risk scores.

Connected operators and pyramids

Abstract: This paper deals with the notion of connected operators in the context of mathematical morphology. In the case of gray level functions, the flat zones over a space E are defined as the largest connected components of E on which the function is constant (a flat zone may be reduced to a single point). Hence, the flat zones of every function make a partition of the space. A connected operator acting on a function is a mapping which enlarges the partition of the space created by the flat zones of the functions. In this paper, it is shown that, from any connected operator acting on sets, one can construct a connected operator for functions. Then, the concept of pyramid is introduced and one of the most important results of this study is that, if a pyramid is based on connected operators, the flat zones of the functions increase with the level of the pyramid. In other words, the flat zones are nested. Then, a very important class of connected filter called `filter by reconstruction' is defined and its properties are stated and discussed. Rules to create pyramids relying on filters by reconstruction are proposed.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.