Mines ParisTech

About: Mines ParisTech is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Finite element method & Microstructure. The organization has 6564 authors who have published 11676 publications receiving 359898 citations. The organization is also known as: École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris & École des mines de Paris.

Atlas of Cancer Signalling Network: a systems biology resource for integrative analysis of cancer data with Google Maps

Abstract: Cancerogenesis is driven by mutations leading to aberrant functioning of a complex network of molecular interactions and simultaneously affecting multiple cellular functions. Therefore, the successful application of bioinformatics and systems biology methods for analysis of high-throughput data in cancer research heavily depends on availability of global and detailed reconstructions of signalling networks amenable for computational analysis. We present here the Atlas of Cancer Signalling Network (ACSN), an interactive and comprehensive map of molecular mechanisms implicated in cancer. The resource includes tools for map navigation, visualization and analysis of molecular data in the context of signalling network maps. Constructing and updating ACSN involves careful manual curation of molecular biology literature and participation of experts in the corresponding fields. The cancer-oriented content of ACSN is completely original and covers major mechanisms involved in cancer progression, including DNA repair, cell survival, apoptosis, cell cycle, EMT and cell motility. Cell signalling mechanisms are depicted in detail, together creating a seamless ‘geographic-like' map of molecular interactions frequently deregulated in cancer. The map is browsable using NaviCell web interface using the Google Maps engine and semantic zooming principle. The associated web-blog provides a forum for commenting and curating the ACSN content. ACSN allows uploading heterogeneous omics data from users on top of the maps for visualization and performing functional analyses. We suggest several scenarios for ACSN application in cancer research, particularly for visualizing high-throughput data, starting from small interfering RNA-based screening results or mutation frequencies to innovative ways of exploring transcriptomes and phosphoproteomes. Integration and analysis of these data in the context of ACSN may help interpret their biological significance and formulate mechanistic hypotheses. ACSN may also support patient stratification, prediction of treatment response and resistance to cancer drugs, as well as design of novel treatment strategies.

Does Foreign Environmental Policy Influence Domestic Innovation? Evidence from the Wind Industry

Abstract: This paper analyses the relative influence of domestic and foreign demand-pull policies in wind power across OECD countries on the rate of innovation in this technology. We use annual wind power generation to capture the stringency of the portfolio of demand-pull policies in place (e.g., guaranteed tariffs, investment and production tax credits), and patent data as an indicator of innovation activity. We find that wind technology improvements respond positively to policies both home and abroad, but the marginal effect of domestic policies is 12 times greater. The influence of foreign polices is reduced by barriers to technology diffusion, in particular lax intellectual property rights. Reducing such barriers therefore constitutes a powerful policy leverage for boosting environmental innovation globally.

Le Guide rouge Michelin

Abstract: A guidebook serves the economics of quality in markets where what is traded is quite singular, and where goods and services cannot be fully compared. It provides a meeting-place for supply and demand and also, redefines consumers and producers. The red guidebook, which has served as the bible for travelers and gastronomes –and which is now celebrating its hundredth birthday – has assumed three forms over time. These forms differ owing to both the object of transactions and the way they ‘regulate’ the market. Focused on interchangeable technical goods, the ‘technical’ one (1900–1908) was intended for a neoclassical market; it was not a guidebook. The ‘tourist’ one (1909–1933), which concentrated on ‘cultural objects’, and the ‘gastronomic’ one (1934–1998), which focuses on restaurants and on cultural products, both establish a quality market, despite their differing methods. Without these two guidebooks (or their equivalents), these two variants of the quality market would not have been able to take shape or last.

Modeling of mechanical twinning in a high manganese content austenitic steel

Abstract: We propose a 2D simulation of the formation of twins, in correlation with their microstructure observed in a Fe–22 wt.% Mn–0.6 wt.% C austenitic steel deformed at room temperature. TEM observations show that microtwins of a few tens of nanometer thick develop in between grain and twin boundaries, and are stored into stacks of a few tenth of micron wide. We first use a model of the emission of an isolated microtwin, based on the critical stress required to develop successive Shockley dislocation loops along parallel slip planes. As the first loop drags a stacking fault, while the following ones only thicken it, when the critical stress is reached, several dislocations are emitted until the backstress shuts down the source at the equilibrium state. After, the twin thickens stably with the increase of the applied stress. The same model is reproduced to simulate numerically the simultaneous formation of interacting microtwins in a stack. We give a general law correlating the average thickness of the twins with the stacking fault energy, their length, their number and their distance. The thickness is a key parameter in our physically based model presented during this congress.