University of Queensland

About: University of Queensland is a education organization based out in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 51138 authors who have published 155721 publications receiving 5717659 citations. The organization is also known as: UQ & The University of Queensland.

On the True Photoreactivity Order of {001}, {010}, and {101} Facets of Anatase TiO2 Crystals

Abstract: Contrary to conventional understanding, clean anatase {001} facets exhibit lower photoreactivity than {101} facets. Furthermore, the {010} facets showed the highest photocatalytic reactivity in generating OH radicals and hydrogen evolution. This behavior was revealed by studies on crystals grown hydrothermally to have a predominance of {001}, {101}, or {010} facets (left to right in picture(a) and (b)-(d), respectively).

Anchoring Hydrous RuO2 on Graphene Sheets for High-Performance Electrochemical Capacitors

Abstract: Hydrous ruthenium oxide (RuO 2 )/graphene sheet composites (ROGSCs) with different loadings of Ru are prepared by combining sol–gel and low-temperature annealing processes. The graphene sheets (GSs) are well-separated by fi ne RuO 2 particles (5–20 nm) and, simultaneously, the RuO 2 particles are anchored by the richly oxygen-containing functional groups of reduced, chemically exfoliated GSs onto their surface. Benefi ts from the combined advantages of GSs and RuO 2 in such a unique structure are that the ROGSC-based supercapacitors exhibit high specifi c capacitance ( ∼ 570 F g − 1 for 38.3 wt% Ru loading), enhanced rate capability, excellent electrochemical stability ( ∼ 97.9% retention after 1000 cycles), and high energy density (20.1 Wh kg − 1 ) at low operation rate (100 mA g − 1 ) or high power density (10000 W kg − 1 ) at a reasonable energy density (4.3 Wh kg − 1 ). Interestingly, the total specifi c capacitance of ROGSCs is higher than the sum of specifi c capacitances of pure GSs and pure RuO 2 in their relative ratios, which is indicative of a positive synergistic effect of GSs and RuO 2 on the improvement of electrochemical performance. These fi ndings demonstrate the importance and great potential of graphenebased composites in the development of high-performance energy-storage systems.

Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment

Abstract: Educational attainment is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for educational attainment that extends our earlier discovery sample of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication study in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with the number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioural phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because educational attainment is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases.

The pace of shifting climate in marine and terrestrial ecosystems.

Abstract: Climate change challenges organisms to adapt or move to track changes in environments in space and time. We used two measures of thermal shifts from analyses of global temperatures over the past 50 years to describe the pace of climate change that species should track: the velocity of climate change (geographic shifts of isotherms over time) and the shift in seasonal timing of temperatures. Both measures are higher in the ocean than on land at some latitudes, despite slower ocean warming. These indices give a complex mosaic of predicted range shifts and phenology changes that deviate from simple poleward migration and earlier springs or later falls. They also emphasize potential conservation concerns, because areas of high marine biodiversity often have greater velocities of climate change and seasonal shifts.

Community Resilience: Toward an Integrated Approach

Abstract: We explore opportunities for an integrated approach in community resilience to inform new research directions and practice, using the productive common ground between two strands of literature on community resilience, one from social–ecological systems and the other from the psychology of development and mental health. The first strand treats resilience as a systems concept, dealing with adaptive relationships and learning in social–ecological systems across nested levels, with attention to feedbacks, nonlinearity, unpredictability, scale, renewal cycles, drivers, system memory, disturbance events, and windows of opportunity. The second strand emphasizes identifying and developing community strengths, and building resilience through agency and self-organization, with attention to people–place connections, values and beliefs, knowledge and learning, social networks, collaborative governance, economic diversification, infrastructure, leadership, and outlook. An integrative approach seated in the complex ada...