University of Queensland

About: University of Queensland is a education organization based out in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 51138 authors who have published 155721 publications receiving 5717659 citations. The organization is also known as: UQ & The University of Queensland.

Subjective Uncertainty Reduction through Self-categorization: A Motivational Theory of Social Identity Processes

Abstract: A motivational extension of social identity theory is proposed: the uncertainty reduction hypothesis. Building on social identity theory and self-categorization theory, a subjective uncertainty reduction model of motivation associated with social identity process and group and intergroup behavior is developed and described. Contextually generated subjective uncertainty about important, usually self-conceptually relevant, matters motivates uncertainty reduction. The processes of self-categorization and prototypical depersonalization responsible for social identification and group behaviors are well suited to subjective uncertainty reduction; they contextually assimilate self to a prescriptive prototype that guides and consensually validates perception, cognition, affect and behavior. Group membership, social category-based self-conceptualization, group behavior, and intergroup relations are motivated by uncertainty reduction. Contextual uncertainty can be reduced by group membership and group action. This ...

Peritoneal dialysis-related infections recommendations: 2010 update

Abstract: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics,1 Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,2 Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Faculdade de Enfermagem, Nutrição e Fisioterapia,3 Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences,4 Lucknow, India; Department of Nephrology,5 Princess Alexandra Hospital, and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Medical Microbiology,6 Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Centre for Kidney Diseases,7 Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre, Singapore; Section of Infectious Disease,8 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Pediatric Nephrology Division,9 University Children’s Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Dianet Dialysis Centers,10 Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: joint measurements of the expansion and growth history at z < 1

Abstract: We perform a joint determination of the distance–redshift relation and cosmic expansion rate at redshifts z = 0.44, 0.6 and 0.73 by combining measurements of the baryon acoustic peak and Alcock–Paczynski distortion from galaxy clustering in the WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey, using a large ensemble of mock catalogues to calculate the covariance between the measurements. We find that D_A(z) = (1205 ± 114, 1380 ± 95, 1534 ± 107) Mpc and H(z) = (82.6 ± 7.8, 87.9 ± 6.1, 97.3 ± 7.0) km s^(−1) Mpc^(−1) at these three redshifts. Further combining our results with other baryon acoustic oscillation and distant supernovae data sets, we use a Monte Carlo Markov Chain technique to determine the evolution of the Hubble parameter H(z) as a stepwise function in nine redshift bins of width Δz = 0.1, also marginalizing over the spatial curvature. Our measurements of H(z), which have precision better than 7 per cent in most redshift bins, are consistent with the expansion history predicted by a cosmological constant dark energy model, in which the expansion rate accelerates at redshift z < 0.7.

Who suffers more from job insecurity? A Meta-Analytic review

Abstract: The present meta-analysis examined the tenure, age, and gender differences in the relationship between job insecurity and its job-related and health-related consequences. A total of 133 studies, providing 172 independent samples, were included in the analysis. Our results basically replicated Sverke et al.'s (2002) meta-analytic findings with an updated methodological approach and a larger database. The main differences between our findings and Sverke et al.'s are that the negative association between job insecurity and job performance was significant and that the relationship between insecurity and job involvement was smaller in our study. The moderator analysis also indicated that: (1) the positive association between job insecurity and turnover intention was stronger among employees with shorter tenure than those with longer tenure, and was stronger among younger than older employees; (2) the negative effect of insecurity on its health outcomes was more severe among employees with longer tenure than those with shorter tenure, and was more severe among older than younger employees; (3) the relationship between insecurity and the criterion variables was similar across gender. Results are discussed with reference to Hulin's (1991) theory of job adaptation and Greenhalgh and Rosenblatt's (1984) job dependence perspective.

Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study: Associations with Neonatal Anthropometrics

Abstract: Objective: To examine associations of neonatal adiposity with maternal glucose levels and cord serum C-peptide in a multicenter multinational study, the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study, thereby assessing the Pederson hypothesis linking maternal glycemia and fetal hyperinsulinemia to neonatal adiposity. Research Design and Methods: Eligible pregnant women underwent a standard 75 gm OGTT between 24 and 32 weeks gestation (as close to 28 weeks as possible). Neonatal anthropometrics and cord serum C-peptide were measured. Associations of maternal glucose and cord serum C-peptide with neonatal adiposity (sum of skinfolds > 90th percentile or percent body fat > 90th percentile) were assessed using multiple logistic regression analyses, with adjustment for potential confounders, including maternal age, parity, BMI, mean arterial pressure, height, gestational age at delivery, and the baby's gender. Results: Among 23,316 HAPO study participants with glucose levels blinded to caregivers, cord serum C-peptide results were available for 19,885 babies and skin fold measurements for 19,389. For measures of neonatal adiposity there were strong statistically significant gradients across increasing levels of maternal glucose and cord serum C-peptide, which persisted after adjustment for potential confounders. In fully adjusted continuous variable models, odds ratios ranged from 1.35 to 1.44 for the two measures of adiposity for fasting, 1-hour, and 2-hour plasma glucose higher by one standard deviation. Conclusions: These findings confirm the link between maternal glucose and neonatal adiposity, and suggest that the relationship is mediated by fetal insulin production and that the Pedersen hypothesis describes a basic biologic relationship influencing fetal growth.