Institution
University of Southampton
Education•Southampton, United Kingdom•
About: University of Southampton is a education organization based out in Southampton, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Laser. The organization has 37184 authors who have published 99400 publications receiving 3462915 citations. The organization is also known as: Southampton University & Soton Uni.
Topics: Population, Laser, Context (language use), Optical fiber, Fiber laser
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: It is concluded that TIMP-1 inhibits apoptosis of activated HSC via MMP inhibition.
430 citations
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California State University San Marcos1, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research2, University of Alberta3, United States Department of Energy4, J. Craig Venter Institute5, Institut national de la recherche agronomique6, Ruhr University Bochum7, University of Maryland, College Park8, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute9, University College London10, Centre national de la recherche scientifique11, Harvard University12, Ghent University13, Rothamsted Research14, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University15, University of Essex16, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile17, Plymouth Marine Laboratory18, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution19, Columbia University20, University of Cologne21, Natural History Museum22, Rutgers University23, Georgia Institute of Technology24, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology25, University of Ostrava26, National Institutes of Health27, University of Nebraska Medical Center28, University of Southampton29, Oregon State University30, Dalhousie University31, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston32, University of East Anglia33, University of Potsdam34, University of Bergen35, University of Washington36, University of Freiburg37, University of Marburg38, University of Los Andes39, Bigelow Laboratory For Ocean Sciences40, University of Exeter41, Oak Ridge National Laboratory42, California State University, Chico43, University of Tsukuba44
TL;DR: Comparisons across strains demonstrate that E. huxleyi, which has long been considered a single species, harbours extensive genome variability reflected in different metabolic repertoires, and reveals a pan genome (core genes plus genes distributed variably between strains) probably supported by an atypical complement of repetitive sequence in the genome.
Abstract: Coccolithophores have influenced the global climate for over 200 million years(1). These marine phytoplankton can account for 20 per cent of total carbon fixation in some systems(2). They form blooms that can occupy hundreds of thousands of square kilometres and are distinguished by their elegantly sculpted calcium carbonate exoskeletons (coccoliths), rendering them visible from space(3). Although coccolithophores export carbon in the form of organic matter and calcite to the sea floor, they also release CO2 in the calcification process. Hence, they have a complex influence on the carbon cycle, driving either CO2 production or uptake, sequestration and export to the deep ocean(4). Here we report the first haptophyte reference genome, from the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi strain CCMP1516, and sequences from 13 additional isolates. Our analyses reveal a pan genome (core genes plus genes distributed variably between strains) probably supported by an atypical complement of repetitive sequence in the genome. Comparisons across strains demonstrate that E. huxleyi, which has long been considered a single species, harbours extensive genome variability reflected in different metabolic repertoires. Genome variability within this species complex seems to underpin its capacity both to thrive in habitats ranging from the equator to the subarctic and to form large-scale episodic blooms under a wide variety of environmental conditions.
430 citations
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TL;DR: The impact of vaccination with MCC vaccine on the prevalence of carriage of group C meningococci was consistent with herd immunity, and the high impact on the carriage of ST-11 complex serogroup C could be attributed to high levels of capsule expression.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In 1999, meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MCC) vaccines were introduced in the United Kingdom for those under 19 years of age. The impact of this intervention on asymptomatic carriage of meningococci was investigated to establish whether serogroup replacement or protection by herd immunity occurred. METHODS: Multicenter surveys of carriage were conducted during vaccine introduction and on 2 successive years, resulting in a total of 48,309 samples, from which 8599 meningococci were isolated and characterized by genotyping and phenotyping. RESULTS: A reduction in serogroup C carriage (rate ratio, 0.19) was observed that lasted at least 2 years with no evidence of serogroup replacement. Vaccine efficacy against carriage was 75%, and vaccination had a disproportionate impact on the carriage of sequence type (ST)-11 complex serogroup C meningococci that (rate ratio, 0.06); these meningococci also exhibited high rates of capsule expression. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of vaccination with MCC vaccine on the prevalence of carriage of group C meningococci was consistent with herd immunity. The high impact on the carriage of ST-11 complex serogroup C could be attributed to high levels of capsule expression. High vaccine efficacy against disease in young children, who were not protected long-term by the schedule initially used, is attributed to the high vaccine efficacy against carriage in older age groups.
429 citations
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TL;DR: Clinical outcomes have been variably affected by fish oil, although some trials report improved gut histology, decreased disease activity, use of corticosteroids and relapse.
Abstract: With regard to inflammatory processes, the main fatty acids of interest are the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA), which is the precursor of inflammatory eicosanoids like prostaglandin E₂ and leukotriene B₄, and the n-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). EPA and DHA are found in oily fish and fish oils. EPA and DHA inhibit AA metabolism to inflammatory eicosanoids. They also give rise to mediators that are less inflammatory than those produced from AA or that are anti-inflammatory. In addition to modifying the lipid mediator profile, n-3 PUFAs exert effects on other aspects of inflammation like leukocyte chemotaxis and inflammatory cytokine production. Some of these effects are likely due to changes in gene expression, as a result of altered transcription factor activity. Fish oil has been shown to decrease colonic damage and inflammation, weight loss and mortality in animal models of colitis. Fish oil supplementation in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases results in n-3 PUFA incorporation into gut mucosal tissue and modification of inflammatory mediator profiles. Clinical outcomes have been variably affected by fish oil, although some trials report improved gut histology, decreased disease activity, use of corticosteroids and relapse.
429 citations
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TL;DR: The eventual aim of this line of work is to enable project managers to choose effective ways to manage projects based on understanding and model-based theory.
Abstract: There has been much prescriptive work in project management, exemplified in various "Bodies of Knowledge". However, experience shows some projects overspending considerably. Recently, systemic modeling research into the behavior of large projects explains project oversponds by "systemic" effects and the (sometimes counterintuitive) effect of management actions. However, while this work is becoming more widely known, embedding the lessons in project-management practice is not straightforward. The current prescriptive dominant discourse of project management contains implicit underlying assumptions with which the systemic modeling work clashes, indeed showing how conventional methods can exacerbate rather than alleviate project problems. Exploration of this modeling suggests that for projects that are complex, uncertain, and time-limited, conventional methods might be inappropriate, and aspects of newer methodologies in which the project "emerges" rather than being fully preplanned might be more appropriate. Some of the current literature on project-classification schemes also suggests similar parameters, without the rationale that the systemic modeling provides, thus providing useful backup to this analysis. The eventual aim of this line of work is to enable project managers to choose effective ways to manage projects based on understanding and model-based theory.
429 citations
Authors
Showing all 37632 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Cyrus Cooper | 204 | 1869 | 206782 |
Stephen V. Faraone | 188 | 1427 | 140298 |
David R. Williams | 178 | 2034 | 138789 |
Charles M. Lieber | 165 | 521 | 132811 |
David W. Johnson | 160 | 2714 | 140778 |
Mark E. Cooper | 158 | 1463 | 124887 |
Pete Smith | 156 | 2464 | 138819 |
Joseph Jankovic | 153 | 1146 | 93840 |
Vivek Sharma | 150 | 3030 | 136228 |
David J.P. Barker | 148 | 446 | 99373 |
Debbie A Lawlor | 147 | 1114 | 101123 |
Olli T. Raitakari | 142 | 1232 | 103487 |
Stephen T. Holgate | 142 | 870 | 82345 |
Alexander Belyaev | 142 | 1895 | 100796 |
Christopher D.M. Fletcher | 138 | 674 | 82484 |