Utrecht University

About: Utrecht University is a education organization based out in Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 58176 authors who have published 139351 publications receiving 6214282 citations. The organization is also known as: UU & Universiteit Utrecht.

A consensus guide to capturing the ability to inhibit actions and impulsive behaviors in the stop-signal task

Abstract: Response inhibition is essential for navigating everyday life. Its derailment is considered integral to numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders, and more generally, to a wide range of behavioral and health problems. Response-inhibition efficiency furthermore correlates with treatment outcome in some of these conditions. The stop-signal task is an essential tool to determine how quickly response inhibition is implemented. Despite its apparent simplicity, there are many features (ranging from task design to data analysis) that vary across studies in ways that can easily compromise the validity of the obtained results. Our goal is to facilitate a more accurate use of the stop-signal task. To this end, we provide 12 easy-to-implement consensus recommendations and point out the problems that can arise when they are not followed. Furthermore, we provide user-friendly open-source resources intended to inform statistical-power considerations, facilitate the correct implementation of the task, and assist in proper data analysis.

Quantifier Scope: How labor is Divided Between QR and Choice Functions

Abstract: Le fait que les quantificateurs peuvent avoir une portee au-dela de l'endroit ou ils apparaissent ouvertement, a ete demontre en se basant sur l'hypothese d'une operation syntaxique cachee (QR), qui genere la portee pertinente. Mais cette hypothese a ete progressivement abandonnee parce qu'elle presentait un certain nombre de defauts : d'une part, plusieurs quantificateurs sont beaucoup plus restreints que ce qui est predit par QR, d'autre part, certains SN existentiels autorisent une large portee libre qui viole toutes les contraintes sur le mouvement. L'A. montre ici toutefois que cette hypothese d'operation syntaxique cachee peut etre conservee, si l'on resoud le probleme de l'interpretation des SN existentiels par des fonctions de choix

Antimicrobial host defence peptides: functions and clinical potential

Abstract: Cationic host defence peptides (CHDP), also known as antimicrobial peptides, are naturally occurring peptides that can combat infections through their direct microbicidal properties and/or by influencing the host's immune responses. The unique ability of CHDP to control infections as well as resolve harmful inflammation has generated interest in harnessing the properties of these peptides to develop new therapies for infectious diseases, chronic inflammatory disorders and wound healing. Various strategies have been used to design synthetic optimized peptides, with negligible toxicity. Here, we focus on the progress made in understanding the scope of functions of CHDP and the emerging potential clinical applications of CHDP-based therapies.

Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. B: Formal Models and Semantics

Abstract: From the Publisher: Theoretical computer science provides the foundations for understanding and exploiting the concepts and mechanisms in computing and information processing. This handbook will provide professionals and students with a comprehensive overview of the main results and developments in this rapidly evolving field. It consists of thirty-seven chapters in two volumes, all addressing core areas of theoretical computer science as it is practiced today. The material is written by leading American and European researchers, and each volume may be used independently. Volume A covers models of computation, complexity theory, data structures, and efficient computation in many recognized subdisciplines of theoretical computer science. Volume B presents a choice of material on the theory of automata and rewriting systems, the foundations of modem programming languages, logics for program specification and verification, and several chapters on the theoretic modeling of advanced information processing. The organization of each volume reflects the development of theoretical computer science from its classical roots to the modem theoretical approaches in parallel and distributed computing. Extensive bibliographies, a subject index, and list of contributors are included in each volume.

Public Leadership in Times of Crisis: Mission Impossible?

Abstract: Crisis management (prevention, preparedness, response, and reconstruction) is a tough task for political and bureaucratic leaders. This article documents the persistent tensions between the expectations and realities of crisis leadership. It explores the popular notion that crises provide key opportunities for reform. The very occurrence of a crisis is then thought to expose the status quo as problematic, making it easier to gain momentum for alternative policies and institutions. We argue that the opportunities for reform in the wake of crisis are smaller than often thought. The prime reason is that the requisites of crisis leadership are at odds with the requirements of effective reform.