Showing papers in "Clinical Immunology in 2016"

TL;DR: The role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases, how the JAK/STAT signaling pathway regulates the innate immune response, and the potential for ameliorating neuroinflammation by utilization of Jak/STAT inhibitors are discussed.

TL;DR: Roles of CD48 in infection, tolerance, autoimmunity, and allergy are reviewed, as well as the tools used to investigate this receptor and current challenges to investigation of this immunoregulatory receptor.

TL;DR: Plant-based QVLP offers an attractive alternative manufacturing method for producing effective and HA-strain matching seasonal influenza vaccines and induced a substantial and sustained increase of hemagglutinin-specific polyfunctional CD4 T cells.

TL;DR: The presence of two distinct subgroups in patients with both diseases further supports the view that s-JIA and AOSD share a disease category.

TL;DR: Known functions of eotaxin family members during innate immunity are reviewed, and whether and how these molecules might participate in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases are focused on.

TL;DR: Different adjuvants formulated with the same antigen induced different adaptive immune responses and reactogenicity patterns in healthy naïve adults.

TL;DR: The salivary microbiome in Behçet's disease was investigated using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 region and the most overabundant species in BD was Haemophilus parainfluenzae, while the most depleted included Alloprevotella rava and species in the genus Leptotrichia.

TL;DR: Results are consistent with the hypothesis that the number of X chromosomes is critical for the female bias of pSS, a property that may be shared with SLE but not RA.

TL;DR: Scientific observations suggesting that, depending on disease stages and/or duration, individualized treatment targeting innate or adaptive immune mechanisms in disorders from either end of the immunological spectrum may control disease activity are summarized.

TL;DR: This study suggests that neutrophils contribute to bone regeneration by synthesizing an "emergency ECM" before stromal cells infiltrate the FH and synthesize the eventual bone tissue.

TL;DR: Both IgM anti-MDA and IgMAnti-PC are T-cell dependent and especially together, are strong protection markers for atherosclerosis in SLE.

TL;DR: Increased metalloprotease-mediated cleavage of leukocyte Axl may contribute to end organ disease in lupus, and dual ADAM10/TACE inhibition as a potential therapeutic modality in SLE is suggested.

TL;DR: It is suggested that along with increased numbers of regulatory T-cell subsets, PD-1 inhibitory signaling is one possible immunoregulatory mechanism by which AHSCT restores immune tolerance in MS patients.

TL;DR: The importance of abnormal methylation during the development of common autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes, is reviewed, aiming at a better understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and providing new ideas for the treatment of these diseases.

TL;DR: Comparison of fecal microbiota revealed differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups, indicating protection from food allergy being associated with a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model.

TL;DR: The first case of early-onset, severe, chronic polyarthritis associated with LRBA deficiency is reported and prompts us to screen for this disease in patients with multiple autoimmune symptoms in the family, including severe, erosive, polyarticular juvenile arthritis.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the literature concerning sSEMA4D and discusses its potential as a novel prognostic immune-biomarker and potential target for immunotherapy.

TL;DR: Bcl-6 expression in cTfh cells may represent a reliable marker for the disease activity in SLE, and only CD4+CXCR5hiPD-1hicTfH cells, rather than CD4-CX CR5hi PD-1hi population, were positively correlated with SLEDAI and anti-dsDNA antibodies.

TL;DR: Good syndrome or thymoma-associated immunodeficiency, a rare condition that has only been studied in retrospective case series, had a high frequency of respiratory tract infections due to encapsulated bacteria and survival was reduced compared to age-matched population controls.

TL;DR: Both forms of vitamin D reduced the expression of pathogenic Th17 markers and their secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A, IFN-γ) and induced an expansion of CD25hi cells and upregulated their expression of CTLA-4 and Foxp3 regulatory markers.

TL;DR: Overall, the results provide translational insight into how Btk inhibition may provide benefit to a variety of SLE patients by affecting both BCR and FcR signaling.

TL;DR: Blood MAIT cells from relapsing-remitting MS patients and HV presented similar frequency, ex vivo effector phenotype and activation abilities, and transcriptional over-expression of MR1 and of the activating cytokines IL-18 and IL-23 was evidenced in MS lesions, suggesting that the CNS microenvironment is suited to activate the few infiltratingMAIT cells.

TL;DR: Analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes showed that the number of regulatory T cells dropped from baseline after administration of cyclophosphamide and confirmed that TAA-specific T cell responses were associated significantly with longer overall survival.

TL;DR: In this article, a selective HDAC6 inhibitor (ACY-738) was used to decrease disease in NZB/W mice from 22 to 38 weeks of age, where the mice were injected intraperitoneally with 5 or 20mg/kg of ACY-7 38 or vehicle control.

TL;DR: This review has focused on the origin, expansion and immunosuppressive mechanisms of MDSCs in animal models and human cancer, in particular Glioblastoma multiforme.

TL;DR: It is likely that the authors are poised to see significantly greater anti-cancer immunotherapy efficacy, both in improving response rates and durability for melanoma, and for other less immunogenic malignancies.

TL;DR: Eliminating MZB from IL14aTG mice by B cell specific deletion of RBP-J resulted in complete elimination of all disease manifestations of SS, and MzB are critical for the development of SS.

TL;DR: Differential genetic susceptibility within the HLA to EOMG, LOMG and MuSK-MG has been established in a population from Turkey.

TL;DR: ILC2s represent a critical innate cellular source of type 2 cytokines and may play important roles in various diseases and may be involved in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP, in particular in patients with tissue eosinophilia (i.e., ECRS).

TL;DR: The need for broader studies utilizing a longitudinal approach to better understand how the human microbiome contributes to disease susceptibility, and to characterize the role of the interaction between host genetics and microbial diversity in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, disease manifestations, and progression is highlighted.