Open AccessJournal Article
Adaptive Immune Features of Natural Killer Cells
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In this paper, the authors used a mouse model of cytomegalovirus infection to show that, like T cells, NK cells bearing the virus-specific Ly49H receptor proliferate 100fold in the spleen and 1,000-fold in liver after infection.Abstract:
In an adaptive immune response, naive T cells proliferate during infection and generate long-lived memory cells that undergo secondary expansion after a repeat encounter with the same pathogen. Although natural killer (NK) cells have traditionally been classified as cells of the innate immune system, they share many similarities with cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We use a mouse model of cytomegalovirus infection to show that, like T cells, NK cells bearing the virus-specific Ly49H receptor proliferate 100-fold in the spleen and 1,000-fold in the liver after infection. After a contraction phase, Ly49H-positive NK cells reside in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs for several months. These self-renewing 'memory' NK cells rapidly degranulate and produce cytokines on reactivation. Adoptive transfer of these NK cells into naive animals followed by viral challenge results in a robust secondary expansion and protective immunity. These findings reveal properties of NK cells that were previously attributed only to cells of the adaptive immune system.read more
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Ablation of SYK kinase from primary human Natural Killer cells via CRISPR/Cas9 enhances cytotoxicity and cytokine production
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Nk cell recognition
TL;DR: The structure, function, and ligand specificity of the receptors responsible for NK cell recognition are reviewed and the role of EMT inNK cell recognition is reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Innate or Adaptive Immunity? The Example of Natural Killer Cells
Eric Vivier,David H. Raulet,Alessandro Moretta,Michael A. Caligiuri,Laurence Zitvogel,Lewis L. Lanier,Wayne M. Yokoyama,Sophie Ugolini,Sophie Ugolini +8 more
TL;DR: NK cells are now recognized to express a repertoire of activating and inhibitory receptors that is calibrated to ensure self-tolerance while allowing efficacy against assaults such as viral infection and tumor development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Counting Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells: A Reevaluation of Bystander Activation during Viral Infection
Kaja Murali-Krishna,John D. Altman,M. Suresh,David J. D. Sourdive,Allan J. Zajac,Joseph D. Miller,Jill E. Slansky,Rafi Ahmed +7 more
TL;DR: Much of the CD8 T cell expansion seen during viral infection represents antigen-specific cells and warrants a revision of current thinking on the size of the antiviral response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preferential Localization of Effector Memory Cells in Nonlymphoid Tissue
TL;DR: In response to viral or bacterial infection, antigen-specific CD8 T cells migrated to nonlymphoid tissues and were present as long-lived memory cells, pointing to the existence of a population of extralymphoid effector memory T cells poised for immediate response to infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trained immunity: A program of innate immune memory in health and disease
Mihai G. Netea,Leo A. B. Joosten,Eicke Latz,Kingston H. G. Mills,Gioacchino Natoli,Hendrik G. Stunnenberg,Luke A. J. O'Neill,Ramnik J. Xavier +7 more
TL;DR: Proof-of-principle experimental studies support the hypothesis that trained immunity is one of the main immunological processes that mediate the nonspecific protective effects against infections induced by vaccines, such as bacillus Calmette-Guérin or measles vaccination.