Akkermansia muciniphila-derived extracellular vesicles influence gut permeability through the regulation of tight junctions
Chaithanya Chelakkot,Youngwoo Choi,Dae-Kyum Kim,Hyun Taek Park,Jaewang Ghim,Yonghoon Kwon,Jinseong Jeon,Min-Seon Kim,Young Koo Jee,Yong Song Gho,Hae-Sim Park,Yoon-Keun Kim,Sung H Ryu +12 more
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TLDR
Results imply that AmEVs may act as a functional moiety for controlling gut permeability and that the regulation of intestinal barrier integrity can improve metabolic functions in HFD-fed mice.Abstract:
The gut microbiota has an important role in the gut barrier, inflammation and metabolic functions. Studies have identified a close association between the intestinal barrier and metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recently, Akkermansia muciniphila has been reported as a beneficial bacterium that reduces gut barrier disruption and insulin resistance. Here we evaluated the role of A. muciniphila-derived extracellular vesicles (AmEVs) in the regulation of gut permeability. We found that there are more AmEVs in the fecal samples of healthy controls compared with those of patients with T2D. In addition, AmEV administration enhanced tight junction function, reduced body weight gain and improved glucose tolerance in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice. To test the direct effect of AmEVs on human epithelial cells, cultured Caco-2 cells were treated with these vesicles. AmEVs decreased the gut permeability of lipopolysaccharide-treated Caco-2 cells, whereas Escherichia coli-derived EVs had no significant effect. Interestingly, the expression of occludin was increased by AmEV treatment. Overall, these results imply that AmEVs may act as a functional moiety for controlling gut permeability and that the regulation of intestinal barrier integrity can improve metabolic functions in HFD-fed mice.read more
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Role of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology.
Manoj Gurung,Zhipeng Li,Hannah You,Richard R. Rodrigues,Donald B. Jump,Andrey Morgun,Natalia Shulzhenko +6 more
TL;DR: Evidence from 42 human studies reporting microbial associations with disease, and supporting preclinical studies or clinical trials using treatments with probiotics are identified, found the genera of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Faecalibacteriaium, Akkermansia and Roseburia were negatively associated with T2D, while theGenera of Ruminococcus, Fusobacteria, and Blautia were positively associated withT2D.
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Leaky gut: mechanisms, measurement and clinical implications in humans.
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Akkermansia muciniphila is a promising probiotic.
TL;DR: The bacteriological characteristics and safety of A. muciniphila, an intestinal symbiont colonizing in the mucosal layer, as well as its causal relationship with metabolic disorders, immune diseases and cancer therapy are reviewed.
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The Potential of Gut Commensals in Reinforcing Intestinal Barrier Function and Alleviating Inflammation
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TL;DR: The latest findings considering the beneficial effects of the promising commensals across all major intestinal phyla are summarized, including the already well-known bifidobacteria, which use extracellular structures or secreted substances to promote intestinal health.
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Postbiotics and Their Potential Applications in Early Life Nutrition and Beyond.
TL;DR: A working definition and review currently known postbiotic compounds, their proposed mechanisms, clinical evidence and potential applications are proposed.
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